Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 Aug 11;207(9):221.
doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04419-8.

Recent advances of muconic acid production using microbial synthetic biology

Xiqiang Liu  1 , Jintao Lu  1 , Siqi Chen  1 , Mingyang Wang  1 , Aamer Ali Shah  2 , Chunjie Gong  3
Affiliations
Review

Recent advances of muconic acid production using microbial synthetic biology

Xiqiang Liu et al. Arch Microbiol. .

Abstract

Muconic acid is a high-value intermediate with unique properties. Traditional methods for muconic acid production showed some disadvantages including expensive raw materials, environmentally sensitive, and high concentration of heavy metal catalysts. With the development of synthetic biology, bio-strategies for muconic acid production have been widely studied. In this paper, key advances in muconic acid production using synthetic biology are highlighted. Furthermore, strategies for improving muconic acid production have been discussed, including cofactor engineering, modular co-culture, and artificial intelligence-assisted enzyme optimization. Given the significant advantages of biosynthesis in clean production and cost control, the paper concludes with an analysis of the economic and technical feasibility of microbial muconic acid production.

Keywords: Metabolic engineering; Muconic acid; Production; Synthesis biology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

References

    1. Akutsu M, Abe N, Sakamoto C, Kurimoto Y, Sugita H, Tanaka M, Higuchi Y, Sakamoto K, Kamimura N, Kurihara H, Masai E, Sonoki T (2022) Pseudomonas sp. NGC7 as a microbial chassis for glucose-free muconate production from a variety of lignin-derived aromatics and its application to the production from sugar cane Bagasse alkaline extract. Bioresour Technol 359:127479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127479 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Antar M, Lyu D, Nazari M, Shah A, Zhou X, Smith DL (2021) Biomass for a sustainable bioeconomy: an overview of world biomass production and utilization. Renew Sust Energ Rev 139:110691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110691 - DOI
    1. Aravind MK, Varalakshmi P, John SA, Ashokkumar B (2021) Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Paracoccus sp. MKU1-a greener and cleaner bio-machinery for cis, cis-muconic acid production by recombinant E. coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9:703399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.703399 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Bentley GJ, Narayanan N, Jha RK, Salvachúa D, Elmore JR, Peabody GL, Black BA, Ramirez K, De Capite A, Michener WE, Werner AZ, Klingeman DM, Schindel HS, Nelson R, Foust L, Guss AM, Dale T, Johnson CW, Beckham GT (2020) Engineering glucose metabolism for enhanced muconic acid production in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Metab Eng 59:64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2020.01.001 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Blaga AC, Gal DG, Tucaliuc A (2023) Recent advances in muconic acid extraction process. Appl Sci-Basel 13(21):11691. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111691 - DOI

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources