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. 2025 Aug 11;43(1):483.
doi: 10.1007/s00345-025-05862-4.

Risk classification by pathological and biochemical prognostic factors determined by extensive exploration for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer

Keisuke Goto  1 , Kohei Kobatake  2 , Kenichiro Fukuoka  3 , Yoshito Kagiyama  4   5 , Tomoya Hatayama  2   6 , Fumiaki Kirishima  4 , Kazuma Yukihiro  2   7 , Yoshimasa Kurimura  8 , Takumi Ikai  3   9 , Kohei Saito  10 , Satoshi Shirane  11 , Hiroaki Yasumoto  12 , Nobuyuki Hinata  2
Affiliations

Risk classification by pathological and biochemical prognostic factors determined by extensive exploration for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer

Keisuke Goto et al. World J Urol. .

Abstract

Purpose: To determine prognostic parameters, we extensively examined whether physical, biochemical, and histological factors were associated with clinical outcomes in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients.

Methods: A total 822 mHSPC patients were retrospectively investigated and examined the associations between prognosis and clinicopathological parameters including BMI, initial PSA level, TNM classification, Hb, Alb, CRP, AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, Gleason grade group, and EOD score.

Results: According to the CHAARTED criteria, 338 (41.1%) and 484 (58.9%) patients were classified into low- and high-volume disease, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analyses, Gleason grade group, Alb, CRP, LDH, and ALP were determined as significant predictors for both PFS and OS. When mHSPC patients were classified into three group including favorable (none of risk factors), intermediate (one or two risk factors) and poor (more than three risk factors) according to these four parameters, the survival curves were significantly stratified according to the risk classification. When the risk classification was applied on the patients with low- or high-volume disease in CHAARTED criteria, worse prognosis was found in poor risk group patients with low-volume disease and favorable prognosis was found in favorable risk group patients with high-volume disease.

Conclusion: These results suggested that Gleason grade, CRP, LDH, and ALP were the independent predictors for mHSPC patients regardless of metastatic burden.

Keywords: Cancer; Epidemiology; Prostate cancer; Real-world data; mHSPC.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: This study received approval from the ethics committee of Hiroshima University (authorization number: E2021-2519) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent: Consent was obtained by using an opt-out approach or written from all patients for the publication of this report.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to the risk classification using Gleason grade group, CRP, Alb, LDH, and ALP. p-value was estimated by log-rank test and p < 0.05 was determined as statistically significant
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with low- or high-volume disease in CHAARTED criteria, according to the risk classification using Gleason grade group, CRP, Alb, LDH, and ALP. p-value was estimated by log-rank test and p < 0.05 was determined as statistically significant
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with intermediate risk group, according to the number of risk factors including Gleason grade group, CRP, Alb, LDH, and ALP. p-value was estimated by log-rank test and p<0.05 was determined as statistically significant
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