Kidney Volume after Endovascular Exclusion of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms by EVAR and FEVAR

Abstract

Background: Decreased kidney volume is a sign of renal aging and/or decreased vascularization. The aim of this study was to determine whether renal volume changes 24 months after exclusion of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to compare fenestrated (FEVAR) and infrarenal (EVAR) endovascular repair.

Methods: Retrospective single-center study from a prospective registry, including patients between 60 and 80 years with normal preoperative renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m^-2) who underwent fenestrated (FEVAR) or infrarenal (EVAR) stent grafts between 2015 and 2021. Patients had to have had a computed tomography scan at 24 months of the study to be included. Exclusion criteria were renal branches, the presence of preoperative renal insufficiency, a single kidney, embolization or coverage of an accessory renal artery, occlusion of a renal artery during follow-up, and mention of AAA rupture. Renal volume was measured using sizing software (EndoSize, therenva) based on fully automatic deep-learning segmentation of several anatomical structures (arterial lumen, bone structure, thrombus, heart, etc.), including the kidneys. In the presence of renal cysts, these were manually excluded from the segmentation.

Results: Forty-eight patients were included (24 EVAR vs. 24 FEVAR), 96 kidneys were segmented. There was no difference between groups in age (78.9 ± 6.7 years vs. 69.4 ± 6.8, P = 0.89), eGFR 85.8 ± 12.4 [62-107] ml/min/1.73 m^-2 vs. 81 ± 16.2 [42-107] (P = 0.36), and renal volume 170.9 ± 29.7 [123-276] mL vs. 165.3 ± 37.4 [115-298] (P = 0.12). At 24 months in the EVAR group, there was a nonsignificant reduction in eGFR 84.1 ± 17.2 [61-128] ml/min/1.73 m^-2 vs. 81 ± 16.2 [42-107] (P = 0.36) or renal volume 170.9 ± 29.7 [123-276] mL vs. 165.3 ± 37.4 [115-298] (P = 0.12). In the FEVAR group, at 24 months there was a nonsignificant fall in eGFR 84.1 ± 17.2 [61-128] ml/min/1.73 m^-2 vs. 73.8 ± 21.4 [40-110] (P = 0.09), while renal volume decreased significantly 182 ± 37.8 [123-293] mL vs. 158.9 ± 40.2 [45-258] (P = 0.007).

Conclusion: In this study, there appears to be a significant decrease in renal volume without a drop in eGFR 24 months after fenestrated stenting. This decrease may reflect changes in renal perfusion and could potentially be predictive of long-term renal impairment, although this cannot be confirmed within the limits of this small sample. Further studies with long-term follow-up are needed.