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. 2025 Aug 7:18:4291-4297.
doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S537136. eCollection 2025.

Study of the Association of EDN1 rs5370 Polymorphism to Type 2 Diabetes Complications

Ahmed M Ahmed  1 , Omar F Khabour  2 , Yahya A Almutawif  1 , Hamza M A Eid  1 , Renad M Alhamawi  1 , Zakaria Eltahir  1 , Abdel Rahim M Muddathir  1 , Faisal Almalki  1 , Abdulmannan M Aman  3 , Shahad W Kattan  4 , Awadh S Alsubhi  1 , Amjad M Yousuf  1
Affiliations

Study of the Association of EDN1 rs5370 Polymorphism to Type 2 Diabetes Complications

Ahmed M Ahmed et al. Int J Gen Med. .

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common in the Arab population. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an a vasoconstrictor agent produced by the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1). Circulating ET-1 has been shown to be increased in T2DM. The current examined the association between the EDN1 rs5370 polymorphism and T2DM.

Methods: The investigation was a case-control study and included 190 T2DM patients and 120 healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine rs5370 genotypes among the study participants.

Results: The frequency of the G allele was 78.3% among the control group and 74.7% in T2DM (P=0.306). Plasma ET-1 protein levels were higher in T2DM than in controls (p<0.01). However, no association was found between rs5370 and T2DM. The frequencies of GG, GT, and TT genotypes were 60.8%, 35%, and 4.2% in the control group and 53.7%, 42.1%, and 4.2% in the patient group, respectively (P=0.447). With respect to T2DM complications, a significantly higher incidence of nephropathy was observed among patients with TT/GT genotypes compared to patients with the GG genotype (P<0.05). Furthermore, a marginal statistical significance was found between rs5370 and cardiovascular diseases in T2DM (P=0.06).

Conclusion: Circulatory ET-1 levels were elevated in T2DM. The EDN1 rs5370 polymorphism might impact the development of nephropathy in T2DM.

Keywords: EDN1; ET-1; Saudi Arabia; diabetes; endothelin-1; rs5370 polymorphism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

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