Tick-borne encephalitis in Latvia: an epidemiological and clinical comparison of European and Siberian subtype infections

Zane Freimane¹, Gerhard Dobler^{2

3

4}, Guntis Karelis⁵, Sanita Kuzmane⁶, Oksana Savicka⁶, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler^{2

7}, Maksims Zolovs^{8

9}, Dace Zavadska¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Department of Paediatrics, Rīga Stradinš University, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienības gatve 45, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia. Zane.freimane@rsu.lv.
² Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, National TBEV Consultant Laboratory, Munich, Germany.
³ Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
⁴ Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
⁵ Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Infectology, Riga East University Hospital, Rīga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia.
⁶ National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga East University Hospital, Rīga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia.
⁷ Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Tuerkenstraße 89, 80799, Munich, Germany.
⁸ Statistics Unit, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.
⁹ Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia.
¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics, Rīga Stradinš University, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienības gatve 45, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.

Zane Freimane et al. Infection. 2025.

. 2025 Aug 12.

doi: 10.1007/s15010-025-02616-7. Online ahead of print.

Zane Freimane¹, Gerhard Dobler^{2

3

4}, Guntis Karelis⁵, Sanita Kuzmane⁶, Oksana Savicka⁶, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler^{2

7}, Maksims Zolovs^{8

9}, Dace Zavadska¹⁰

¹ Department of Paediatrics, Rīga Stradinš University, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienības gatve 45, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia. Zane.freimane@rsu.lv.
² Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, National TBEV Consultant Laboratory, Munich, Germany.
³ Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
⁴ Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
⁵ Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Infectology, Riga East University Hospital, Rīga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia.
⁶ National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Riga East University Hospital, Rīga Stradinš University, Riga, Latvia.
⁷ Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research IIP, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Tuerkenstraße 89, 80799, Munich, Germany.
⁸ Statistics Unit, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.
⁹ Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia.
¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics, Rīga Stradinš University, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienības gatve 45, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.

No abstract available

Keywords: ELISA; NS1 antibodies; NS1 antigen; Orthoflavivirus; TBEV subtypes.

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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