Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug 12;25(1):615.
doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06317-6.

The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss diagnoses in people with and without Alzheimer's disease - a nationwide cohort study

Kaisa Hokkinen  1 , Aarno Dietz  2 , Pasi Lampela  3   4 , Sirpa Hartikainen  3 , Anna-Maija Tolppanen  3
Affiliations

The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss diagnoses in people with and without Alzheimer's disease - a nationwide cohort study

Kaisa Hokkinen et al. BMC Geriatr. .

Abstract

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, but little is known on whether the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the diagnosis of SNHL. We studied the temporal changes in the incidence of SNHL diagnosis in relation to AD diagnosis.

Methods: This study is part of Medicine use and Alzheimer's disease cohort (MEDALZ) study. Our nationwide register-based study included 42,934 community-dwelling persons who received a clinically verified AD diagnosis in 2008-2011 in Finland and a 1:1 matched comparison cohort. We calculated the incidence of SNHL diagnoses per 100 person-years (PY) from ten years before to five years after the date of AD diagnosis (index date).

Results: Before the index date, the incidence of SNHL diagnoses was higher among persons with AD (1.51/100 PY) than in the comparison cohort (1.34/100 PY, adjusted hazard ratio, 95%Cl 1.10, 1.06-1.13). After AD diagnosis the incidence was lower among persons with AD (1.05 and 1.66/100 PY, adjusted hazard ratio, 95%Cl 0.60, 0.56-0.62). The incidence increased in a similar manner in both groups before the AD diagnosis. In the AD group the incidence peaked at the index date, but steeply declined shortly after, while in the comparison cohort, it continued its previous ascending course.

Conclusions: The incidence of SNHL diagnosis declines after AD diagnosis, suggesting that AD may alter diagnostic trajectories and access to audiological care.

Keywords: Cognitive impairment; Hearing loss; Hearing rehabilitation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research data were de-identified before being sent to the research team, and no participant was contacted. Therefore, ethics committee approval or informed consent were not required for this study according to national legislation. The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in relation to Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. (Data presented with 95% confidence intervals)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Wu YT, Beiser AS, Breteler MMB, Fratiglioni L, Helmer C, Hendrie HC, Honda H, Ikram MA, Langa KM, Lobo A, Matthews FE, Ohara T, Pérès K, Qiu C, Seshadri S, Sjölund BM, Skoog I, Brayne C. The changing prevalence and incidence of dementia over time - current evidence. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13(6):327–39. 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.63. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lin FR, Thorpe R, Gordon-Salant S, Ferrucci L. Hearing loss prevalence and risk factors among older adults in the united States. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66(5):582–90. 10.1093/gerona/glr0023. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Loughrey DG, Kelly ME, Kelley GA, Brennan S, Lawlor BA. Association of age-related hearing loss with cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;144(2):115–26. 10.1001/jamaoto.2017.2513. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kwok SS, Nguyen XT, Wu DD, Mudar RA, Llano DA. Pure tone audiometry and hearing loss in alzheimer’s disease: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol. 2022;12:788045. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788045. Published 2022 Jan 21. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hung SC, Liao KF, Muo CH, Lai SW, Chang CW, Hung HC. Hearing loss is associated with risk of alzheimer’s disease: A Case-Control study in older people. J Epidemiol. 2015;25(8):517–21. 10.2188/jea.JE20140147. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources