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. 2025 Jul 26;16(1):1332.
doi: 10.4102/jphia.v16i1.1332. eCollection 2025.

Overview of antimicrobial resistance mitigation efforts in Benin 2024

Alain K Aissi  1   2   3 , Tokpanou E C Koudjo  3   4 , Filémon T Tokponnon  1   5 , Al Fattah Onifade  6 , Akpeedje A C Wadagni  7 , Géraud S R Padonou  8   9 , Hervé A Gbegnide  7 , Léopold A Azakpa  3   10 , Adrien M Hodonou  3   10 , Roch C Johnson  2 , Francis M Dossou  9
Affiliations

Overview of antimicrobial resistance mitigation efforts in Benin 2024

Alain K Aissi et al. J Public Health Afr. .

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global public health threat that undermines sustainable development. In Benin, high AMR rates to common antibiotics, including last-resort treatments, exacerbate infection outcomes and healthcare costs. Inappropriate antibiotic use worsens this challenge. To address these issues, Benin implemented its National Multisectoral AMR Action Plan 2019-2024.

Aim: This study aims to assess the implementation of Benin's National AMR Action Plan 2019-2024 and identify critical gaps for future updates.

Setting: The evaluation covered six of Benin's 12 departments, engaging stakeholders from human, animal and environmental health sectors.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional evaluation was performed from 05 August 2024 to 30 September 2024. Data were collected through a documentary review, standardised questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and group discussions. An executed scoring grid and a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis were used.

Results: Of the 224 planned activities, 40.18% were not initiated, 31.25% had started, 19.64% were partially executed, 5.36% were nearly completed and only 3.57% were fully implemented. Critical gaps included the lack of a fully operational multisectoral coordination group, limited financial resources, inadequate surveillance systems, insufficient communication and education initiatives and the absence of infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes.

Conclusion: Despite progress in regulatory frameworks, gaps in coordination, resources, surveillance and IPC hinder effective AMR control in Benin. Strengthening governance, communication and addressing other identified gaps are critical for future success.

Contribution: This evaluation provides evidence-based recommendations to update Benin's AMR strategy within a 'One Health' framework.

Keywords: Benin; National Action Plan; One Health; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; infection prevention and control; surveillance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors reported that they received funding from the Ministry of Health of Benin and the WHO Country Office in Benin, which may be affected by the research reported in the enclosed publication. The authors have disclosed those interests fully and have implemented an approved plan for managing any potential conflicts arising from their involvement. The terms of these funding arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the affiliated university in accordance with its policy on objectivity in research.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Distribution of activities by implementation level in Benin’s National Multisectoral Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan 2019–2024 as of 31 August 2024.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Implementation level of activities by strategic axis of Benin’s National Multisectoral Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan 2019–2024.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Implementation level of activities by strategic domain of Benin’s National Multisectoral Antimicrobial Resistance Action Plan 2019–2024 as of 31 August 2024.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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