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. 2025 Aug 13.
doi: 10.1007/s10728-025-00537-y. Online ahead of print.

Navigating Healthcare AI Governance: the Comprehensive Algorithmic Oversight and Stewardship Framework for Risk and Equity

Rahul Kumar  1   2 , Kyle Sporn  3 , Ethan Waisberg  4 , Joshua Ong  5 , Phani Paladugu  6   7 , Amar S Vadhera  6 , Dylan Amiri  8 , Alex Ngo  9 , Ram Jagadeesan  10   11 , Alireza Tavakkoli  12 , Timothy Loftus  13 , Andrew G Lee  14   15
Affiliations

Navigating Healthcare AI Governance: the Comprehensive Algorithmic Oversight and Stewardship Framework for Risk and Equity

Rahul Kumar et al. Health Care Anal. .

Abstract

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has sparked innovation but exposed vulnerabilities in regulatory oversight. Unregulated "shadow" AI systems, operating outside formal frameworks, pose risks such as algorithmic drift, bias, and disparities. The Comprehensive Algorithmic Oversight and Stewardship (CAOS) Framework addresses these challenges, combining risk assessments, data protection, and equity-focused methodologies to ensure responsible AI implementation. This framework offers a solution to bridge oversight gaps while supporting responsible healthcare innovation. CAOS functions as both a normative governance model and a practical system design, offering a scalable framework for ethical oversight, policy development, and operational implementation of AI systems in healthcare.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing Interests: Dr. Andrew Lee: Amgen (speaker), Alexion (speaker); consultant Virdian, Ethyreal, Catalyst, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers, Squibb, Stoke, US Department of Justice. Ram Jagadeesan: Cisco (Employee, Stock).

References

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