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. 2025 Aug 8:28:e250045.
doi: 10.1590/1980-549720250045. eCollection 2025.

Pesticide threshold weighing indicator: application in the State of Paraná, Brazil

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Affiliations

Pesticide threshold weighing indicator: application in the State of Paraná, Brazil

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Viviane Serra Melanda et al. Rev Bras Epidemiol. .

Abstract

Objective: To analyze data from the Information System for Monitoring the Quality of Water for Human Consumption (Sisagua) to develop an environmental health indicator that assesses the risk of pesticide residues in drinking water.

Methods: This is an ecological epidemiological study using retrospective data. Information on the Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), and Maximum Permissible Value (MPV) of pesticide residues in drinking water, recorded by municipalities in the state of Paraná between 2014 and 2020, was analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistical approaches were employed, including tests of association, correlation, and hypothesis testing, as well as probability analysis, through spatial and temporal analyses.

Results: A Pesticide Threshold Weighting Indicator (iPLA) was developed, with an explanatory capacity of variability greater than 77%. The risk-attributable variable was mainly related to the MPV, which received the highest weighting, while the LOD and LOQ were assigned lower weights.

Conclusion: The iPLA demonstrated the ability to represent pesticide concentration levels in drinking water. The risk categories defined by the indicator - controlled, silent, and alert - represent a highly useful tool for public health surveillance, as they enable the identification of local drinking water risk levels to human health. Moreover, the iPLA supports public management in implementing control actions and improvements in the quality of water for human consumption.

Objetivo:: Analisar os dados do Sistema de Informação da Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (Sisagua) para desenvolver um indicador de saúde ambiental que avalie o risco de resíduos de agrotóxicos na água potável.

Métodos:: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico ecológico, com dados retrospectivos. Foram analisadas informações sobre o limite de detecção (LD), limite de quantificação (LQ) e valor máximo permitido (VMP) de resíduos de agrotóxicos em água potável registradas pelos municípios do estado do Paraná no período de 2014 a 2020. Foram aplicadas abordagens de estatística descritiva e inferencial, incluindo testes de associação, correlação, hipóteses e probabilidade, por meio de análises espaciais e temporais.

Resultados:: Foi desenvolvido um indicador de ponderação de limiar de agrotóxico (iPLA), com capacidade explicativa de variabilidade superior a 77%. A variável atribuível de risco está relacionada principalmente ao VMP, que recebeu maior peso, enquanto o LD e o LQ foram atribuídos com menor peso.

Conclusão:: O iPLA demonstrou capacidade de representar os níveis de concentração de agrotóxicos na água potável. As categorias de risco definidas pelo indicador - controlado, silencioso e atenção - configuram-se uma ferramenta de grande utilidade para a vigilância em saúde, pois possibilitam o reconhecimento do nível de risco da água potável local à saúde humana. Além disso, o iPLA permite que a gestão pública implemente ações de controle e melhoria da qualidade da água para consumo humano.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS: nothing to declare

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Analysis of percentage variance and cumulative variance, by principal component of pesticides in drinking water in the municipalities of Paraná, 2014-2020.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Level of risk of pesticides in drinking water recorded by iPLA, by (a) Municipalities and (b) Population density, Paraná, 2014-2018.
Figura 1.
Figura 1.. Análise da variância percentual e percentual acumulado, por componente principal de agrotóxico em água potável nos municípios do Paraná, 2014-2020.
Figura 2.
Figura 2.. Nível de risco de agrotóxico na água potável registrada pelo iPLA, por (a) Municípios e (b) densidade populacional, Paraná, 2014-2018.

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