Revolutionizing carbon synthesis: N-doped porous biomass-derived carbons from melamine for multifaceted applications

Abstract

This review article delves deeply into the synthesis and diverse applications of nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NPCs) derived from biomass. In particular, the focus is on those NPCs synthesized by adding melamine as an N source. Research into carbon materials derived from biomass has been accelerated recently due to the need for environmentally acceptable and sustainable materials for various applications, ranging from energy storage to environmental remediation. A novel method for modifying the structural and chemical characteristics of the final products is the synthesis of NPCs from biomass using melamine as a precursor for N enrichment. A detailed report on the synthetic techniques is covered in this review. Special emphasis is given to the critical function played by melamine in obtaining high surface area, superior conductivity, and desired nitrogen doping, all of which improve the carbons' electrochemical and adsorption capabilities. These NPCs have a wide range of applications in energy storage, namely, batteries and supercapacitors, where their special composition and structure improve performance. Additionally, their suitability for environmental remediation, encompassing the adsorption of contaminants and dye degradation, is investigated. The goal of this review is to guide future research initiatives, innovation, and the sustainable development of advanced materials with a wide range of capabilities by thoroughly examining the synthesis processes and different applications of these materials.

Keywords: Biomass; Energy storage; Environmental remediation; Melamine; Nitrogen-doped porous carbons.