Consensus on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes: an update

Shlomo Melmed¹, Luigi di Filippo², Maria Fleseriu³, Moisés Mercado⁴, Niki Karavitaki^{5

6

7}, Mark Gurnell^{8

9}, Roberto Salvatori¹⁰, Stylianos Tsagarakis¹¹, Marco Losa¹², Pietro Maffei¹³, Alberto M Pereira¹⁴, Eliza B Geer¹⁵, Laurence Katznelson¹⁶, Aart Jan van der Lely¹⁷, Jens Bollerslev¹⁸, Daniela Esposito^{19

20}, Susan M Webb^{21

22}, Maria Chiara Zatelli²³, Elena Valassi^{24

25

26}, Sebastian Neggers²⁷, Philippe Chanson²⁸, Ken K Y Ho²⁹, Adriana G Ioachimescu³⁰, Beverly M K Biller³¹, Susan L Samson³², Ursula B Kaiser³³, Katharina Schilbach³⁴, Raúl M Luque^{35

36}, Felipe F Casanueva³⁷, Ilan Shimon^{38

39}, Cesar L Boguszewski⁴⁰, Nienke Biermasz⁴¹, Annamaria Colao⁴², Rosa Pirchio⁴², Steven W J Lamberts⁴³, Pinar Kadioglu⁴⁴, Michael Buchfelder⁴⁵, Stefano Frara², Sabrina Chiloiro^{46

47}, Stephan Petersenn⁴⁸, Monica R Gadelha⁴⁹, Manel Puig-Domingo^{50

51}, Anton Luger⁵², Thierry Brue^{53

54}, Albert Beckers⁵⁵, Diego Ferone⁵⁶, David R Clemmons⁵⁷, Yona Greenman⁵⁸, Mónica Marazuela⁵⁹, Pietro Mortini¹², Christian J Strasburger⁶⁰, Andrea Giustina⁶¹

Affiliations

¹ Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
² Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università San Raffaele Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
³ Pituitary Center, Medicine and Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
⁴ Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵ Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
⁶ Department of Metabolism and Systems Science, School of Medical and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁷ Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.
⁸ Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁹ NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁰ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Pituitary Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹¹ Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Disorders, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹² Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
¹³ Department of Medicine, Padua University, Padua, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁵ Multidisciplinary Pituitary and Skull Base Tumour Center, Departments of Medicine and Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁷ Pituitary Center Rotterdam and Department of Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Medical Clinic Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁹ Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
²⁰ Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
²¹ Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
²² CIBERER Unit 747, Department of Medicine, University Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
²³ Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
²⁴ Endocrinology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER Unit 747, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁶ School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
²⁸ Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse HYPO, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
²⁹ Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
³⁰ Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
³¹ Neuroendocrine & Pituitary Tumor Clinical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
³² Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
³³ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³⁴ Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
³⁵ Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
³⁶ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
³⁷ Santiago de Compostela University, IDIS-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
³⁸ Institute of Endocrinology, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Tel Aviv, Israel.
³⁹ Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
⁴⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Division (SEMPR), University Hospital, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
⁴¹ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
⁴² Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
⁴³ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁴ Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁴⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
⁴⁶ Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁷ Endocrinology Unit, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁸ ENDOC Center for Endocrine Tumors, Hamburg, Germany.
⁴⁹ Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁵⁰ Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.
⁵¹ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵² Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
⁵³ AP-HM, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, MarMaRa, Marseille, France.
⁵⁴ Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases (CRMR HYPO), La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.
⁵⁵ Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier de Liège, Université de Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
⁵⁶ Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
⁵⁷ Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
⁵⁸ Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
⁵⁹ Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁰ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
⁶¹ Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università San Raffaele Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. giustina.andrea@hsr.it.

PMID: 40804505
DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01148-2

Review

Consensus on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes: an update

Shlomo Melmed et al. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025.

. 2025 Aug 13.

doi: 10.1038/s41574-025-01148-2. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
² Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università San Raffaele Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
³ Pituitary Center, Medicine and Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
⁴ Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵ Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
⁶ Department of Metabolism and Systems Science, School of Medical and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁷ Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.
⁸ Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁹ NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁰ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Pituitary Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹¹ Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Disorders, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
¹² Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
¹³ Department of Medicine, Padua University, Padua, Italy.
¹⁴ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁵ Multidisciplinary Pituitary and Skull Base Tumour Center, Departments of Medicine and Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁷ Pituitary Center Rotterdam and Department of Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Medical Clinic Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁹ Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
²⁰ Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
²¹ Endocrinology, Hospital S Pau, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
²² CIBERER Unit 747, Department of Medicine, University Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
²³ Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics & Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
²⁴ Endocrinology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER Unit 747, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁶ School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
²⁸ Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction et Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse HYPO, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
²⁹ Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
³⁰ Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
³¹ Neuroendocrine & Pituitary Tumor Clinical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
³² Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
³³ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³⁴ Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
³⁵ Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
³⁶ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.
³⁷ Santiago de Compostela University, IDIS-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
³⁸ Institute of Endocrinology, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Tel Aviv, Israel.
³⁹ Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
⁴⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Division (SEMPR), University Hospital, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
⁴¹ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
⁴² Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.
⁴³ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁴ Division of Endocrinology-Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁴⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
⁴⁶ Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁷ Endocrinology Unit, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴⁸ ENDOC Center for Endocrine Tumors, Hamburg, Germany.
⁴⁹ Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Endocrinology Division, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁵⁰ Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain.
⁵¹ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER, Unidad 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵² Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
⁵³ AP-HM, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, MarMaRa, Marseille, France.
⁵⁴ Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases (CRMR HYPO), La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France.
⁵⁵ Department of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier de Liège, Université de Liège, Domaine Universitaire du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
⁵⁶ Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
⁵⁷ Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
⁵⁸ Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
⁵⁹ Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁰ Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
⁶¹ Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università San Raffaele Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. giustina.andrea@hsr.it.

PMID: 40804505
DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01148-2

Abstract

The 15th Acromegaly Consensus Conference in September 2023 updated recommendations on therapeutic outcomes for acromegaly. Since the publication of medical management guidelines in 2018, new pharmacological agents and new treatment approaches have been developed. Fifty-two experts in the management of acromegaly reviewed the current literature and assessed changes in drug approvals, clinical practice standards and management. Current outcome goals were considered, with a focus on the effect of current and emerging somatostatin receptor ligands, the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant and the dopamine agonist cabergoline on biochemical control, clinical control, adenoma mass and surgical outcomes. Participants assessed factors that determine pharmacological choices, as well as the proposed use of each agent. Here, we present consensus recommendations highlighting how an evidence-based acromegaly management algorithm could be optimized in clinical practice.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: S.M. received a research grant to their institution from Recordati Rare Diseases; is a consultant to Novo Nordisk and Crinetics. L.d.F. received a research grant to his institution from Abiogen Pharma S.p.A. M.F. received grants to their institution from Amryt, Crinetics, Ionis and Recordati Rare Diseases, received occasional consulting fees or has served as occasional advisory board member for Amryt, Crinetics, Camurus, Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases. N.K. has been a speaker for Pfizer, Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases, investigator for Pfizer and Ipsen and scientific advisory board for Pfizer, Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases. M.G. has received speakers honoraria from Ipsen and Pfizer. R.S. has been a consultant for Lundbeck, Amryt, Novo Nordisk, Camurus, Ascendis and Crinetics. S.T. has received honoraria, lecture and advisory fees and grants from Crinetics, Novartis, Strongbridge, HRA Pharma and Recordati Rare Diseases. P.M. has been a principal investigator in clinical trials of Ipsen, Pfizer and Camurus, received consultation fee and research support from Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. E.B.G. is an investigator for research grants to MSKCC from Chiesi and Recordati Rare Diseases, consultant to Crinetics, Recordati and Chiesi. L.K. is on the advisory board for Novo Nordisk, Recordati Rare Diseases and Camurus and has received research support from Camarus. A.J.v.d.L. has received consulting and speaking fees from Amolyt Pharma and Pfizer. J.B. has received speakers fee from Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer and unrestricted research grants from Novartis and Ipsen. D.E. has received lecture fees from Ipsen, Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.M.W. is on scientific advisory boards for Novartis, Ipsen, Pfizer, Lilly, Strongbridge, Shire, Crinetics, Recordati Rare Diseases and HRA and has received speaker fees from Ipsen, HRA, Recordati Rare Diseases and Consilient Health, unrestricted research funds from Novartis, Ipsen, Pfizer and HRA and participated in clinical trials of Novartis, Recordati Rare Diseases and Cortendo. E.V. is on the advisory board for Recordati Rare Diseases and HRA Pharma, received speaker fees from Recordati Rare Diseases, HRA Pharma and Ipsen. S.N. has received consulting, research and speaking fees from Novo Nordisk, Crinetics, Recordati Rare Diseases and Pfizer. P.C. has received unrestricted research and educational grants from Ipsen, Recordati Rare Diseases, Advanz and Pfizer, is an investigator (principal or coordinator) for clinical trials funded by Chiasma, Recordati Rare Diseases, Pfizer, Crinetics and Debiopharm, is a member of advisory boards for Pfizer, Crinetics, Recordati Rare Diseases and Amolyt, lectures for Ipsen, Recordati Rare Diseases and Pfizer. A.G.I. occasionally consults for Crinetics, Camurus and Xeris, has received research grants to their institution from Recordati Rare Diseases, Xeris and Chiesi. B.M.K.B. is a principal investigator of an institutional grant from Crinetics and occasional consultant to Amolyt, Amryt, Camurus, Crinetics and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.L.S. is principal investigator for Chiasma (Chiesi) and Pasireotide (Novartis, now Recordati Rare Diseases). K.S. has received honoraria for consulting, speaking and scientific projects from the following companies: Pfizer, Recordati Rare Diseases, Camurus, Crinetics, Novo Nordisk and Ascendis. I.S. has received consulting and lecture fees from Pfizer, Medison Pharma, Novo Nordisk and OPKO Biologics and participated in clinical studies by Crinetics and Debiopharm. C.L.B. has received speaking fees from Ipsen, consulting fees from Ipsen, Recordati Rare Diseases and Novo Nordisk and is a principal investigator of clinical trials of Crinetics. A.C. is a principal investigator of research studies for Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer, a consultant for Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer, received honoraria from Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer. P.K. participated in clinical trials of Carmus and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.F. has received consultancy and speaker fees from Ipsen and Pfizer, consultancy fee from Novartis, is an advisory board member for Recordati Rare Diseases and Novo Nordisk and has received grants to their institution from Abiogen Pharma S.p.A. S.C. has received lecture and advisory fees and grants from Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.P. has been a speaker at workshops and/or an advisory board member for HRA Pharma, Ipsen, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. M.R.G. has received speaker fees from Recordati Rare Diseases, Ipsen and Novo Nordisk, is a member of the advisory board of Recordati Rare Diseases, Ipsen, Novo Nordisk and Crinetics, is principal investigator in clinical trials from Recordati Rare Diseases and Crinetics. M.P.-D. received funding for advisory board or lectures given at symposia organized by Recordati Rare Diseases, Pfizer, Novartis and Ipsen. A.L. has received lecture fees from Ipsen and served as consultant for Novo Nordisk. T.B. is clinical trial investigator for Xeris, Crinetics, Debiopharm and Recordati Rare Diseases, is on advisory boards for Pfizer, Recordati Rare Diseases and Novo Nordisk, received speaker fees from Pfizer, Recordati Rare Diseases, Novo Nordisk and received research grants from Pfizer. D.F. received fees for lecture and advisory boards from Novartis, Camurus and Recordati Rare Diseases. Y.G. participated in clinical trials of Crinetics, Cortendo, Debiopharm and Ascendis. C.J.S. is an advisory board member or recipient of speaker’s fees from Novo Nordisk, Amolyt, Pfizer, Crinetics, Sandoz-Hexal, Recordati Rare Diseases, Debiopharm and Consilient Health. A.G. is a consultant for Amolyt, Ipsen, Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. The other authors declare no competing interests.

References

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Consensus on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes: an update

Affiliations

Consensus on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes: an update

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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