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. 2025 Aug 4;14(15):2723.
doi: 10.3390/foods14152723.

Characterization of the Flavors and Organoleptic Attributes of Petit Manseng Noble Rot Wines from the Eastern Foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia, China

Fuqi Li  1 , Fan Yang  1 , Quan Ji  1 , Longxuan Huo  1 , Chen Qiao  1 , Lin Pan  1
Affiliations

Characterization of the Flavors and Organoleptic Attributes of Petit Manseng Noble Rot Wines from the Eastern Foothills of Helan Mountain in Ningxia, China

Fuqi Li et al. Foods. .

Abstract

To investigate the effect of Botrytis cinerea infection severity on the flavor characteristics of Petit Manseng noble rot wine, this study analyzed wines produced from Petit Manseng grapes grown in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain, Ningxia, China. The grapes were categorized into three groups based on infection status: uninfected, mildly infected, and severely infected with Botrytis cinerea. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and an electronic nose were employed to detect and analyze the aroma components of wines under the three infection conditions. Additionally, trained sensory panelists conducted sensory evaluations of the wine aromas. The results revealed that wines made from severely infected grapes exhibited the richest and most complex aroma profiles. A total of 70 volatile compounds were identified, comprising 32 esters, 17 alcohols, 5 acids, 8 aldehydes and ketones, 4 terpenes, and 4 other compounds. Among these, esters and alcohols accounted for the highest contents. Key aroma-active compounds included isoamyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, phenethyl acetate, ethyl laurate, hexanoic acid, linalool, decanoic acid, citronellol, ethyl hexanoate, and methyl octanoate. Sensory evaluation indicated that the "floral aroma", "pineapple/banana aroma", "honey aroma", and "overall aroma intensity" were most pronounced in the severely infected group. These findings provide theoretical support for the harvesting of severely Botrytis cinerea-infected Petit Manseng grapes and the production of high-quality noble rot wine in this region.

Keywords: Petit Manseng; gray mold; noble rot character; sweet white wines.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The flow chart of wine fermentation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Two-dimensional score plot (a) and two-dimensional load plot (b) of PLS for wine volatile compounds.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Replacement test of PLS-DA model.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principal Component Analysis Load Plot.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Radar chart of electronic nose data.
Figure 6
Figure 6
PCA analysis of electronic nose data.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Wine Sensory Analysis Radar Chart.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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