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Review
. 2025 Jul 30:16:1615338.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1615338. eCollection 2025.

Impact of extraction techniques on phytochemical composition and bioactivity of natural product mixtures

Shicai Sun  1 , Ying Yu  1 , Yunju Jo  2 , Jung Ho Han  3 , Yingqi Xue  2 , Minkyoung Cho  4 , Sung-Jin Bae  5 , Dongryeol Ryu  2 , Wonyoung Park  2   6   7 , Ki-Tae Ha  6   7 , Shiwei Zhuang  1
Affiliations
Review

Impact of extraction techniques on phytochemical composition and bioactivity of natural product mixtures

Shicai Sun et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Extraction methods critically influence the phytochemical profile and bioactivity of natural product mixtures, affecting their efficacy as therapeutic agents. This review assesses the impact of various extraction techniques-such as solvent-based extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and enzymatic extraction-on the composition of bioactive compounds in plant extracts. We discuss how extraction parameters modify the bioactivity profiles, influencing their application in pharmaceutics and nutrition. This review critically analyzes these techniques with a special focus on integrated (hybrid) strategies, revealing that while advanced methods like ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction offer improved efficiency, the greatest potential lies in the synergistic combination of methods to maximize yield and preserve bioactivity. The insights gathered here aim to guide researchers in developing optimal and sustainable extraction protocols for therapeutic applications.

Keywords: bioactive compounds; extraction techniques; natural products; pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications; phytochemical composition.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Limitations of traditional extraction techniques.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Key parameters influencing extraction efficiency and bioactivity.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Comparison of principles and features of advanced extraction methods.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
General workflow for phytochemical profiling of plant extracts.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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