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. 2025 May 28;12(6):101698.
doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101698. eCollection 2025 Nov.

Investigation of the temporal distribution of anti-VEGF drugs in the retina and the correlation with the distribution of FcR isoforms

Jicai He  1 , Yanping Jiang  2 , Rongqin Yang  1 , Ziwen Lu  3 , Zhihuan Li  3 , Zhigang Tu  3
Affiliations

Investigation of the temporal distribution of anti-VEGF drugs in the retina and the correlation with the distribution of FcR isoforms

Jicai He et al. Genes Dis. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Z.T. reports financial support provided by Beijing Novartis Pharma Co., Ltd. There are no additional relationships, no patents, and no additional activities to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of brolucizumab, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in the retina of normal rat eyes and of rat eyes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) conditions, and distribution of FcR isoforms in the retina. (A) ELISA detection of the distribution of brolucizumab, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in the retina of normal rat eyes. (B, C) Immunohistochemical detection of brolucizumab in normal rat eye. Representative images (B) and immunohistochemical scoring statistics of the area between the internal limiting membrane and the inner nuclear layer (Inner) (C) are shown. (D, E) Immunohistochemical detection of ranibizumab diffusion in normal rat eyeballs. Representative images (D) and immunohistochemical scoring statistics of the area between the internal limiting membrane and the inner nuclear layer (Inner) (E) are shown. (F, G) Immunohistochemical detection of bevacizumab diffusion in normal rat eyeballs. Representative images (F) and immunohistochemical scoring statistics of the area between the internal limiting membrane and the inner nuclear layer (Inner) (G) are shown. Data shown are mean ± standard deviation of animal data (n = 5) in each experimental group, unless otherwise specified. (H) Distribution of brolucizumab, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in the Outer plexiform layer (Outer) between the Outer nuclear layer and the Inner nuclear layer of the retina of normal rat eyes at different time points. (I) Distribution of brolucizumab, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in the retinal rods and cones area (Deep) of normal rat eyes at different time points. Data shown are mean ± standard deviation of animal data (n = 5) in each experimental group, unless otherwise specified. Statistically significant differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant (#p > 0.05, ∗p < 0.05, and ∗∗p < 0.01). (J) Immunohistochemistry experiments were conducted to assess the expression of four FcR subtypes (FcRn, FcγRI, FcγRII, and FcγRIII) proteins in the normal rat eyeball retina. Using 3DS MAX, we created 3D models to visualize protein expression scores in different structural areas of the retina, mainly Inner, Outer, and Deep. (K–N) Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments revealed the expression of two FcR subtypes (FcRn, FcγRI) mRNA in the normal rat eyeball retina. Representative images for FcRn (K) and FcγRI (M) were selected. Using 3DS MAX, we also created 3D models to visualize mRNA expression scores in different structural areas of the retina, mainly Inner, Outer, and Deep, respectively (L, N). (O) Distribution of brolucizumab, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in the Outer plexiform layer (Outer) between the Outer nuclear layer and the inner nuclear layer of the retina of AMD rat eyes at different time points. (P) Distribution of brolucizumab, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab in the retinal rods and cones area (Deep) of AMD rat eyes at different time points. Data shown are mean ± standard deviation of animal data (n = 5) in each experimental group, unless otherwise specified. Statistically significant differences with p < 0.05 were considered significant (#p > 0.05 and ∗p < 0.05).
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