The role of m5C, m1A and m7G modifications in tumors of urinary system

Abstract

Malignant tumors of the urinary system, such as kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer, remain a significant challenge despite the various treatment options available. Identifying therapeutic targets for urological tumors is crucial due to the potential for recurrence and metastasis. Recent research has highlighted the importance of RNA modifications in post-transcriptional regulation, impacting various biological functions in urological tumors, including tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these interactions are not fully understood. This review will focus on exploring the regulatory role of RNA modifications like m1A, m5C, and m7G in urological tumors, shedding light on the pathways and molecular mechanisms involved. This analysis aims to provide new insights for the treatment of urological tumors.

Keywords: RNA modification; m1A; m5C; m7G; urological tumours.

FIGURE 1

The roles of m5C, m1A, and m7G in cellular processes. Purple stands for m5C, and this modification mainly plays roles in mRNA splicing, exportation, stabilization, and translation, and is also involved in ncRNA—lncRNA, miRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, and in mitochondrial activity, it also affects the function of tRNA and rRNA. Brown represents m1A modification, which is primarily associated with mRNA stabilization and translations, and also affects lncRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in the cell nucleus, as well as rRNA and tRNA in the mitochondria. Green indicates m7G, this modification participates in mRNA exportation, degradation, stabilization, and translation, as well as ncRNAs such as miRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.