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. 2025;44(9):6417-6425.
doi: 10.1007/s12598-025-03391-y. Epub 2025 Jul 10.

Structural design of highly permeable Bi2O3 microspheres decorated by Pt-nanoparticles: facile synthesis and acetic acid sensing performance

Fan Yang  1 , Jun-Ning Zhang  1 , Chao Zhang  1 , Xin-Da Xu  1 , Bing Li  2 , Woochul Yang  3 , Wan-Feng Xie  1   3
Affiliations

Structural design of highly permeable Bi2O3 microspheres decorated by Pt-nanoparticles: facile synthesis and acetic acid sensing performance

Fan Yang et al. Rare Metals. 2025.

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Real-time detection of acetic acid vapor is of concern for ensuring environmental and personal safety. However, acetic acid gas sensors, particularly those based on Bi2O3, often fail to meet practical performance requirements owing to their slow response characteristics and high operating temperature. To enhance sensing performance, highly permeable Bi2O3 microspheres decorated by Pt-nanoparticles are rationally synthesized by a facile template method. Among the fabricated sensors, the one based on 3 wt% Pt-decorated Bi2O3 demonstrated excellent sensing performance. Specifically, the sensor displayed high selectivity for acetic acid, rapid response and recovery times (22.5 and 9 s, respectively), strong resistance to interference, and good long-term stability at a low operating temperature (150 °C). Notably, the sensor exhibited an exceptionally high response of 126 to 100 ppm acetic acid-the highest reported value for Bi2O3-based sensors tested at a relatively low operating temperature in recent years. These results demonstrate that Pt-decorated Bi2O3 holds strong potential for use in high-performance acetic acid sensors.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12598-025-03391-y.

乙酸的实时检测对保护环境和人身安全具有重要意义。然而，乙酸气体传感器，特别是基于Bi2O3的传感器，由于其响应慢，工作温度高，不能满足实际应用的性能要求。为了提高其传感性能，采用简单模板法合理合成了由Pt纳米粒子修饰的高穿透Bi2O3微球。在所制备的传感器中，基于3 wt% Pt修饰Bi2O3的传感器表现出优异的传感性能。该传感器对乙酸的选择性好，响应时间和恢复时间快（22.5 s和9 s），抗干扰能力强，长期稳定和工作温度低（150 °C）。值得注意的是，该传感器对100 ppm的乙酸表现出超高的响应（126），这是近年来，在相对较低的工作温度下Bi2O3基乙酸传感器达到的最高响应。结果表明，Pt修饰的Bi2O3在高性能乙酸传感器中具有很强的应用潜力。.

Keywords: Acetic acid; Bi2O3 microspheres; Gas sensor; Semiconducting metal oxide.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A Schematic illustration of the synthesis of the Pt-modified Bi2O3 and fabrication of gas sensor; B–E SEM images of the Pt-decorated Bi2O3; F, G TEM images of the Pt-decorated Bi2O3 with different resolutions; H–K EDS elemental mapping of the Pt-decorated Bi2O3
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A XPS spectra of the Bi2O3 and the Bi2O3-Pt nanocomposite; B–D XPS spectra of Bi2O3 and Bi2O3-Pt nanocomposite for the Bi 4f, Pt 4f and O 1s; E XRD patterns of the Bi2O3 and the Bi2O3-Pt-1/2/3/4 nanocomposite
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A Baseline resistances of Bi2O3 and Bi2O3-Pt nanocomposite at varying operating temperatures; B responses of Bi2O3 and Bi2O3-Pt nanocomposite toward acetic acid (100 ppm) at varying operating temperatures; C responses of Bi2O3 and Bi2O3-Pt nanocomposite toward to different gas concentrations at their respective working temperature; D linear fitting of responses to different acetic acid concentrations (1–50 ppm) for Bi2O3-Pt-3; E dynamic resistance curves of Bi2O3-Pt-3 when exposed to different gas concentrations; F the response of Bi2O3-Pt-3 to interference from other gases; G repeatability of Bi2O3-Pt-3 to 100 ppm acetic acid at 150 °C; H response/recovery times of Bi2O3-Pt-3 toward 100 ppm acetic acid at 150 °C; I responses of Bi2O3 and Bi2O3-Pt nanocomposite toward different gases (100 ppm) at 150 °C
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
A, B Schematic energy band diagram of noble metal decorated Bi2O3 in air and acetic acid. C Schematic illustration of the chemical sensitization of the Pt-decorated Bi2O3 in air and acetic acid
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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