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Review
. 2025 Aug 12;6(2):e70035.
doi: 10.1002/ansa.70035. eCollection 2025 Dec.

Emerging Biosensor Technologies for Stroke Biomarker Detection: A Comprehensive Overview

Ghazal Koohkansaadi  1 , Arash Mohagheghi  2 , Ahmad Mobed  3 , Saeid Charsouei  4
Affiliations
Review

Emerging Biosensor Technologies for Stroke Biomarker Detection: A Comprehensive Overview

Ghazal Koohkansaadi et al. Anal Sci Adv. .

Abstract

Stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools for early detection and management. This manuscript presents an overview of innovative biosensors designed for the detection of key stroke biomarkers, including N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, cardiac troponins, S100B protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), interleukins and fibrinogen. We discuss the principles of operation, sensitivity, specificity and the technological advancements that have enabled the development of these biosensors, including electrochemical, optical and microfluidic platforms. The integration of nanomaterials and advanced signal amplification techniques has significantly enhanced the performance of these biosensors, allowing for the detection of biomarkers at low concentrations in complex biological samples. Furthermore, we explore the clinical implications of these biosensors in the context of stroke diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring, highlighting their potential to facilitate timely therapeutic interventions. By providing a comprehensive discussion on the current state of biosensor technology for stroke biomarker detection, this manuscript aims to underscore the importance of these tools in improving patient outcomes and advancing stroke research. Future directions for biosensor development and the challenges that remain in translating these technologies into clinical practice are also addressed.

Keywords: biosensors; clinical applications; nanomaterials; stroke; therapeutic interventions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic illustration of biosensors.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The schematic diagram for constructing the NT‐proBNP immunoassay [49].
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Cost‐effective experimental platform was developed to measure CRP [51].
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Illustration of an electrochemical biosensor utilizing Pd@PdPtCo MNPs for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) [65].
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
The representation graphs for the synthesis of Ir‐peptide (A) and the creation of the peptide‐based ECL biosensor for the detection of MMP‐3 (B) [78].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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