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. 2025 Jul 30:16:1615424.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1615424. eCollection 2025.

Foliar nutrient diagnosis in Paeonia ostii: an integrated DRIS-RN-CND approach for the fruit expansion stage

MingWei Zhu  1 , Wei Zhao  1 , Yu Duan  1 , Tao Huang  1 , YuXiao Wang  1 , LiYong Sun  1   2 , ShuXian Li  1   2   3
Affiliations

Foliar nutrient diagnosis in Paeonia ostii: an integrated DRIS-RN-CND approach for the fruit expansion stage

MingWei Zhu et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Introduction: Foliar nutrient diagnosis can facilitate an understanding of plant nutrient status, enabling the implementation of precise fertilization programs. As an emerging woody oil crop, Paeonia ostii, requires pressing research efforts to address the key agricultural challenge of achieving high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.

Methods: In this study, the leaves were collected at the fruit expansion stage. The test materials were categorized into high- and low-yielding groups based on single plant yields, as determined by the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis Inflection Point method. Finally, the low-yielding group was subjected to nutritional diagnosis using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method.

Results: A significant difference in yield was observed between the two groups, with average yields of 123.2 and 55.3 g·plant-1. Appropriate nutrient ranges were established by the Range of Normality method. In the low-yielding group, Cu and Mn levels exceeded the optimal values, while the concentrations of other elements fell within the appropriate range. Through the DRIS method, it showed that the low-yielding group exhibited an excess of Cu and Mn, with elemental deficiencies ranked as follows: Ca > K > Mg > N > Zn > Fe > P. The combined DRIS Nutritional Imbalance Index (NBIm) values indicated that Ca deficiency was the most severe.

Discussion: The primary factors contributing to the reduced yield of P. ostii were the excesses of Cu and Mn and the deficiencies of Ca. In the future, greater attention should be paid to the issues of Ca supplementation and the management of localized heavy metals, with the aim of optimizing the production of P. ostii.

Keywords: Paeonia ostii; compositional nutrient diagnosis inflection point; diagnosis and recommendation integrated system; foliar nutrient diagnosis; yield.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The schematic diagram of leaf samping. The red dotted box indicates the sampled leaf positions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Leaf nutrient element analysis parameters as a function of yield and inflection point values; (B) The classification of high- and low-yielding group in Paeonia ostii. Yx was the inflection point value for each element.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Histogram of Paeonia ostii leaf nutrient content distribution.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Appropriate nutrient range for Paeonia ostii and diagnosing low yield. The red triangle marks the nutrient elements that are out of the appropriate range.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The DRIS index in the low-yielding group of Paeonia ostii. When the value of |DRIS indexes| is less than or equal to NBIm, it can be concluded that the level of element X is within the normal range. Conversely, when DRIS index is less than 0 and greater than NBIm, it can be inferred that element X is deficient. Similarly, when DRIS index is greater than 0 and greater than NBIm, it can be deduced that element X is excessive.
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