Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 Aug 14.
doi: 10.1007/s11010-025-05368-y. Online ahead of print.

Deciphering the enigma: long noncoding RNAs in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects

Palaniappan Ramesh #  1   2 , Pallavi Muthyala #  3 , Suresh Kumar Kali  4
Affiliations
Review

Deciphering the enigma: long noncoding RNAs in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic prospects

Palaniappan Ramesh et al. Mol Cell Biochem. .

Abstract

Despite advancements in disease understanding and therapeutic interventions, the global burden of diseases continues to increase rapidly, emphasizing the need for novel insights and approaches. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in biological processes and influence gene expression regulation and cellular signalling pathways. This review explores the complex roles of lncRNAs in modulating chromatin function, regulating nuclear bodies, and impacting posttranslational modifications. Moreover, their interactions with various RNA species and proteins significantly influence cell signalling cascades, thereby contributing to diverse pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, metabolic syndromes, and autoimmune diseases. We highlight the potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical settings. By describing the complex involvement of lncRNAs in disease mechanisms, this review aims to stimulate further research in this field, encouraging a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis and paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Cancer biomarkers; Disease pathogenesis; Gene regulation; Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA); NF-κB; PI3K/AKT; Signaling pathways; TGF-β; Therapeutic targets; WNT/β-catenin.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable.

References

References:

    1. Eldash S, Sanad EF, Nada D, Hamdy NM (2023) The intergenic type LncRNA (LINC RNA) faces in cancer with in-silico scope and a directed lens to LINC00511: a step toward ncRNA precision. Noncoding RNA 9(5):58 - PubMed - PMC
    1. Statello L, Guo CJ, Chen LL, Huarte M (2021) Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 22(2):96–118 - PubMed
    1. Rizk NI, Kassem DH, Abulsoud AI, AbdelHalim S, Yasser MB, Kamal MM, Hamdy NM (2024) Revealing the role of serum exosomal novel long non-coding RNA NAMPT-AS as a promising diagnostic/prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer patients. Life Sci 352:122850 - PubMed
    1. Kang X, Zhao Y, Van Arsdell G, Nelson SF, Touma M (2020) Ppp1r1b-lncRNA inhibits PRC2 at myogenic regulatory genes to promote cardiac and skeletal muscle development in mouse and human. RNA 26(4):481–491 - PubMed - PMC
    1. Zhang ZK, Guan D, Xu J, Li X, Zhang N, Yao S, Zhang G, Zhang BT (2024) Long noncoding RNA lncRNA-3 recruits PRC2 for MyoD1 silencing to suppress muscle regeneration during aging. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212478 - PubMed - PMC

LinkOut - more resources