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. 2025 Jul 15:S2095-9273(25)00734-0.
doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.07.014. Online ahead of print.

Surface nitridation of Si enabled gradient artificial solid electrolyte interface and self-optimized structural evolution

Zhenyi Huang  1 , Ruohan Yu  2 , Jinshuai Liu  1 , Yuxia Zhong  1 , Lei Zhang  2 , Liang Zhou  3
Affiliations

Surface nitridation of Si enabled gradient artificial solid electrolyte interface and self-optimized structural evolution

Zhenyi Huang et al. Sci Bull (Beijing). .

Abstract

Silicon (Si), a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries, suffers from severe volume changes upon cycling, leading to rapid capacity fading. This study mitigates the capacity fading issue by introducing a surface SiNx layer on micron Si, which is in-situ converted into a LixSiNy-based artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This artificial SEI not only effectively restricts SEI growth to the outmost surface, but also induces a self-optimized structural evolution of the inner Si from micron particles to nanoporous network within 20 cycles. This self-optimized nanoprous Si network exhibits low volume expansion and enhanced reaction kinetics. Consequently, the Si@SiNx/TiN demonstrates a high capacity, stable cycling, and good fast-charging capability.

Keywords: Artificial solid electrolyte interface; Electron 3D tomography; Lithium-ion batteries; Si anode; Structural evolution.

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