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. 2025 Aug 17;13(3):e003378.
doi: 10.1136/fmch-2025-003378.

Measuring treatment burden related to general practice in patients with multimorbidity: development and validation of a PROM

Anna Bernhardt Lyhnebeck  1 , Anne Holm  2 , Sussi Friis Buhl  3 , Kristine Henderson Bissenbakker  1 , Jette Kolding Kristensen  4 , Anne Møller  1 , Anders Prior  5 , Zaza Kamper-Jørgensen  1 , Sidsel Böcher  1 , Mads Kristensen  1 , Asger Waagepetersen  1 , Anders Hye Dalsgaard  1 , Volkert Siersma  6 , John Brandt Brodersen  1   7 ; MM600 trial group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Measuring treatment burden related to general practice in patients with multimorbidity: development and validation of a PROM

Anna Bernhardt Lyhnebeck et al. Fam Med Community Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to either identify or develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess treatment burden related to general practice for patients with multimorbidity, which can be used alongside the MultiMorbidity Questionnaire part 1 (MMQ1) without overwhelming the target population with redundant items.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review to identify all existing PROMs measuring treatment burden. If no suitable PROM was found, our plan was to: (1) develop a draft PROM using items from existing instruments, (2) carry out group and individual interviews with patients with multimorbidity to ensure the PROM's understandability, clarity, completeness and relevance and (3) undertake psychometric validation with a diverse sample of primary care patients with chronic conditions.

Results: We did not identify an eligible PROM in the literature review. The draft PROM consisted of 30 items divided into six domains; Information about treatment, Challenges with medication, Medical appointments, Self-monitoring, Health behaviour and Challenges in the contact to the health system. In the psychometric validation, neither these domains nor any other theoretical constellation of items had adequate psychometric properties. Individual items had good criterion validity and sensitivity to change.

Conclusions: In this study, we developed a 30-item PROM with high content validity where various individual items showed adequate criterion validity and sensitivity to change, making these items useful as a supplemental measure to the MMQ1.

Trial registration number: NCT05676541 Registration Date: 16 December 2022.

Keywords: Chronic Disease; General Practice; Multiple Chronic Conditions; Outcome Assessment, Health Care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The steps in the development and validation of the PROM. PROM, patient-reported outcome measure.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Criterion validity, sensitivity to change and floor and ceiling effects for all the individual items. MMQ, MultiMorbidity Questionnaire; PCC, patient centredness in consultations
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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