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. 2025 Jul 15;17(7):5036-5044.
doi: 10.62347/WGEX7482. eCollection 2025.

Association of D-dimer, platelet-activating factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 levels with disease severity and prognosis in gestational hypertension

Rong Ma  1 , Xin Xu  1
Affiliations

Association of D-dimer, platelet-activating factor, and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 levels with disease severity and prognosis in gestational hypertension

Rong Ma et al. Am J Transl Res. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the associations of D-dimer (D-D), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sVEGFR-1) levels with disease severity and prognosis in hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP).

Methods: A total of 138 HDCP patients were categorized as the gestational hypertension (GH, n = 62), preeclampsia (PE, n = 45), and severe preeclampsia (SPE, n = 31) groups. Fifty healthy pregnant women served as controls. Plasma D-D and serum PAF and sVEGFR-1 levels were measured and compared. ROC curves assessed their diagnostic and prognostic value. Based on neonatal Apgar score <7 or grade III amniotic fluid contamination, patients were divided into good (n = 73) and poor (n = 65) prognosis groups.

Results: D-D, PAF, and sVEGFR-1 levels increased with disease severity (all P<0.05). The AUCs for diagnosing HDCP severity were 0.893 (D-D), 0.889 (PAF), 0.825 (sVEGFR-1), and 0.944 (combined). Multivariate logistic regression identified D-D, PAF, sVEGFR-1, and 24h RPO as independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05). Combined AUC for prognosis prediction was 0.883.

Conclusion: Elevated D-D, PAF, and sVEGFR-1 levels are closely associated with HDCP severity and prognosis, offering high diagnostic and predictive value.

Keywords: D-dimer; Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; disease condition; human soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1; platelet-activating factor; prognosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Research flowchart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of plasma D-D, PAF, and sVEGFR-1 levels Note: A: D-D; B: PAF; C: sVEGFR-1. Compared to control group, *P<0.05; compared to GH group, #P<0.05; compared to PE group, ∆P<0.05. D-D: D-dimer; PAF: platelet-activating factor; sVEGFR-1: soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ROC curve. Note: A: ROC curveanalysis of the evaluation value of D-D, PAF, and sVEGFR-1 levels on the severity of HDCP; B: ROC curve analysis of the predictive value of D-D, PAF and sVEGFR-1 levels in HDCP gravidas. D-D: D-dimer; PAF: platelet-activating factor; sVEGFR-1: soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Construction of nomogram model. Note: D-D: D-dimer; PAF: platelet-activating factor; sVEGFR-1: soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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