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Case Reports
. 2025 Jul 16;17(7):e88105.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.88105. eCollection 2025 Jul.

Acute Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma in a Patient on a Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC): A Case Report

Zubair Ahmad  1   2 , Junaid Ahmad  3 , Awais Aslam  4 , Shoukat Ullah  5 , Uzair Khan  6 , Khyle Cole  7 , Muhammad Yasir Rafiq  8 , Shahid Kausar  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Acute Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma in a Patient on a Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC): A Case Report

Zubair Ahmad et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Acute spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare but serious condition that can mimic stroke or carotid artery dissection (CAD), potentially leading to misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapy. We report the case of a 75-year-old male with atrial fibrillation on Edoxaban who awoke with neck pain and, approximately 80 minutes later, developed sudden right-sided weakness. Neurological examination showed right upper limb (RUL) weakness (3/5 proximally, 0/5 distally), right lower limb (RLL) paralysis (0/5), hypotonia, but intact sensation, with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 6 - findings that supported conservative management in the absence of progressive deterioration. Initial CT head and CT angiogram were unremarkable, ruling out intracranial hemorrhage and carotid dissection. Aortic dissection was also excluded by CT aortogram. Although uncontrolled hypertension or other acute risk factors were not identified (blood pressure (BP) 157/81 mmHg), chronic anticoagulation likely contributed to SSEH. Cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed on day 6 revealed a C3-C5 epidural hematoma compressing the cord. Neurosurgical consultation recommended conservative management due to improving strength and absence of worsening symptoms. Follow-up MRI at six weeks confirmed complete hematoma resolution with residual mild myelopathy. At discharge, after a 10-day hospital stay, the patient's neurological function had improved to 4/5 strength in the RUL and 3/5 in the RLL, and he was transferred for rehabilitation. This case underscores the importance of considering SSEH in anticoagulated patients with acute neck pain and hemiparesis, even when initial imaging for stroke or CAD is negative. Timely MRI and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to avoid misdiagnosis and optimize outcomes.

Keywords: anticoagulant; atrial fibrillation; cervical spine; magnetic resonance imaging; mri diagnosis; spinal epidural hematoma; stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Informed consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust issued approval 474 256 1406, March 13, 2025. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Axial T2-weighted MRI of the cervical spine (A) showing a spinal epidural hematoma, and sagittal T2-weighted MRI (B) demonstrating cervical spinal cord compression with associated myelopathic signal changes.
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
Figure 2
Figure 2. Axial T2-weighted MRI (A) showing resolution of the spinal epidural haematoma, and sagittal T2-weighted MRI (B) demonstrating residual, though reduced, myelopathic signal changes at the C4-C5 level.
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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