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. 2025 Aug 1:12:1641784.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1641784. eCollection 2025.

Gender related outcome differences in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Riswan Akram  1 , Friedrich Sobik  2 , Tim Knochenhauer  2 , Sebastian A Philipp  1 , Jens Brickwedel  2 , Xiaoqin Hua  3 , Beate Reiter  2 , Svante Zipfel  2 , Yvonne Schneeberger  4 , Evaldas Girdauskas  2   5 , Hermann Reichenspurner  2 , Bjoern Sill #  2 , Andreas Schaefer #  2
Affiliations

Gender related outcome differences in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Riswan Akram et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Objectives: Surgical myocardial revascularization shows impaired outcomes in women compared to men. Investigation of gender related outcome differences comprises of different operative strategies potentially hampering interpretation of data. We herein aimed to investigate gender related outcome differences in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) only.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2021, 1,075 consecutive patients underwent OPCAB at our center. Of those 880/1,075 were male (81.9%) and 195/1,075 were female (18.1%). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for investigating differences in survival probabilities. Identification of risk factors was conducted by logistic regression.

Results: Male patients showed a higher rate of reduced LVEF < 35% (88/880, 10% vs. 9/195, 4.61%; p = 0.025) and impaired renal function (creatinine: 1.17 ± 0.76 vs. 1.03 ± 0.59; p = 0.016). In female patients less utilization of both internal mammary arteries was documented (502/880, 57.04% vs. 74/195, 37.94%; p < 0.001). Procedure time (256.13 min vs. 238.02 min; p < 0.001) and number of distal anastomoses (2.40 ± 0.83 vs. 2.11 ± 0.82; p < 0.001) were lower in female patients. 30-day mortality (16/880, 0.34% vs. 4/195, 0.51%; p = 0.77) and rates of disabling stroke (3/880, 1.81% vs. 1/195, 2.05%; p = 0.55) were similar between groups. In logistic regression analysis age (OR 1.079; CI 1.001- 1.162; p = 0.047) and impaired renal function (OR 1.495; CI 1.090-2.051; p = 0.013) were identified as independent risk factors for 30-day mortality.

Conclusions: Male and female patients present similar 30-day outcomes after OPCAB suggesting a potential benefit of OPCAB in female patients. However, female patients receive more saphenous vein grafts compared to men, which may lead to impaired long-term outcomes.

Keywords: NSTEMI; OPCAB; STEMI; coronary artery bypass grafting; coronary artery disease; gender.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
30 days Kaplan–Meier survival curve for male and female patients undergoing OPCAB. OPCAB off-pump coronary artery bypass.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Logistic regression analysis for 30-day mortality after OPCAB. OPCAB off-pump coronary artery bypass, NYHA New York Heart Association, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
30 days Kaplan–Meier survival curve for male and female patients undergoing OPCAB, adjusted for NSTEMI, EF < 35% and extent of CAD. OPCAB off pump coronary artery bypass, NSTEMI non ST-elevation infarct, EF ejection fraction, CAD coronary artery disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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