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Review
. 2025 Aug 6:13:100382.
doi: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100382. eCollection 2025.

Precision medicine and music therapy for Parkinson's Disease

Peng Li-Hua  1 , Lamarana Jallow  2 , Yurong Tan  3 , Ousman Bajinka  4   5
Affiliations
Review

Precision medicine and music therapy for Parkinson's Disease

Peng Li-Hua et al. Clin Park Relat Disord. .

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder requiring multidimensional treatment approaches. Recent breakthroughs in precision medicine and growing evidence for music therapy efficacy present new opportunities for comprehensive PD management that addresses both biological mechanisms and quality of life outcomes Objectives: This mini review evaluates the current state of precision medicine and music therapy interventions for PD, with three primary aims: (1) to synthesize evidence for genetic-based treatments and music-based interventions, (2) to identify potential synergies between these approaches, and (3) to highlight critical implementation challenges in clinical practice. Finding: Our analysis revealed that precision medicine approaches, including GBA1-targeted venglustat and LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, show significant promise in clinical trials when guided by genetic profiling. Concurrently, music therapy demonstrates robust clinical benefits, with RAS producing 15-20% improvements in gait parameters and group singing programs enhancing both speech function and psychosocial wellbeing. Emerging technologies, particularly wearable sensors and adaptive AI platforms, are enhancing the precision and personalization of both treatment modalities. However, we identified persistent challenges including the need for standardized biomarkers in precision medicine and more rigorous clinical validation for music therapy protocols. Conclusions: The strategic integration of precision medicine and music therapy offers a novel, patient-centered framework for PD management that simultaneously targets pathological mechanisms and functional outcomes. Future implementation should focus on overcoming accessibility barriers, conducting large-scale longitudinal studies, and developing integrated treatment protocols that combine genetic insights with personalized neuromodulation approaches.

Keywords: Genetic subtyping; Music therapy; Neurorehabilitation; Parkinson’s disease; Precision medicine; Rhythmic auditory stimulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Graphic abstract.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Progress in Precision Medicine for Parkinson's Disease.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Innovative Approaches in Music Therapy for PD: A Synthesis of Recent Evidence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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