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. 2025 Aug 18.
doi: 10.1007/s00508-025-02585-9. Online ahead of print.

Extremity preservation in traumatic and nontraumatic lower extremity defects

Anna Fast  1 , Eva Placheta-Györi  2 , Thomas Rath  1 , Christine Radtke  1
Affiliations

Extremity preservation in traumatic and nontraumatic lower extremity defects

Anna Fast et al. Wien Klin Wochenschr. .

Abstract

Background: Indications for reconstruction of the lower extremity range from posttraumatic defects to infections and tumors. Despite advancements in plastic surgery, flap surgery still poses a challenge. In this retrospective study local flap surgeries and microsurgical free flaps were assessed. Postoperative complications and limb preservation were analyzed.

Methods: This retrospective study included 187 patients who were treated at a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. Defects were of traumatic (29.4%) and nontraumatic (70.6%) etiology. Limb preservation was determined during a 12-month follow-up period. Patient characteristics, flap selection and postoperative flap-associated complications were collected.

Results: The patient population included 107 men (57.2%) and 80 women (42.8%), 104 (55.6%) free flaps and 83 (44.4%) local flaps were performed. In the free flap group latissimus dorsi and gracilis flaps were most commonly performed. The most common surgeries in the local flap group were gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris medialis muscle flaps. The overall limb preservation rate was 92.5% with no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion: Both methods enable reconstruction of complex lower extremity wounds and enable limb preservation in many cases. The type of flap is selected based on the anatomical location of the defect, defect size and patient factors.

Keywords: Free tissue transfer; Limb salvage; Microsurgery; Reconstructive surgery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: A. Fast, E. Placheta-Györi, T. Rath and C. Radtke declare that they have no competing interests. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Ethical standards: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. Approval for the study protocol was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Vienna (EK-number 1726/2019). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

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