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. 2025 Aug 19.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36818-1. Online ahead of print.

Study on synthesis and characterizations of MWCNT integrated Cu-BDC MOF for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Deepika Maan  1 , Ashish Kumar  1 , Karishma Jain  1 , Khushbu Meena  2 , Sushil Kumar Jain  3 , Balram Tripathi  4
Affiliations

Study on synthesis and characterizations of MWCNT integrated Cu-BDC MOF for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

Deepika Maan et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. .

Abstract

In this manuscript, synthesis and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) integrated copper-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-BDC), where BDC stands for 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under sunlight irradiation is reported. Cu-BDC exhibits a large surface area and high porosity, which aid in the adsorption of MB dye. The synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence (PL), UV-VIS absorption, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential (ZP). The photocatalytic results showed a notable degradation rate of MB due to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under sunlight irradiation. Additionally, the integration of MWCNT into Cu-BDC improved the charge separation efficiency and stability of the photocatalyst, resulting in enhanced degradation rates. The results indicated that the Cu-BDC composites depicted superior photocatalytic efficiency compared to the pristine Cu-BDC. The pseudo-zeroth, first, and second kinetic studies were also carried out in this study.

Keywords: Cu-BDC MOF; Dye wastewater; MWCNT; Methylene blue; Photocatalysis; Polluted water.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethical approval: No research involving human participants and/or animals and no informed consent. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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