De novo design of a peptide modulator to reverse sodium channel dysfunction linked to cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsy

Abstract

Ion channels orchestrate electrical signaling in excitable cells. In nature, ion channel function is customized by modulatory proteins that have evolved to fulfill distinct physiological needs. Yet, engineering synthetic modulators that precisely tune ion channel function is challenging. One example involves the voltage-gated sodium (Na_V) channel that initiates the action potential and whose dysfunction amplifies the late/persistent sodium current (I_NaL), a commonality that underlies various human diseases, including cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsy. Here, using a computational protein design platform, we engineered a de novo peptide modulator, engineered late-current inhibitor X by inactivation-gate release (ELIXIR), that binds Na_V channels with submicromolar affinity. Functional analysis revealed unexpected selectivity in inhibiting "pathogenic" I_NaL and confirmed its effectiveness in reversing Na_V dysfunction linked to both cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsy in cellular and murine models. These findings exemplify the efficacy of de novo protein design for engineering synthetic ion channel modulators and set the stage for the rational design of future therapeutic approaches.

Keywords: LQT3; cardiac arrhythmia; de novo protein design; epilepsy; ion channelopathies; ion channels; late sodium current; sodium channelopathy; sodium channels; synthetic modulators.