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Case Reports
. 2025 Jul 18;17(7):e88267.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.88267. eCollection 2025 Jul.

Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinoma in Lynch Syndrome: A Sentinel Cutaneous Clue to Muir-Torre Syndrome

Suyog S Dhamale  1 , Anshu Baghel  1 , Kusumika Kanak  2 , Vidyadhar Sardesai  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinoma in Lynch Syndrome: A Sentinel Cutaneous Clue to Muir-Torre Syndrome

Suyog S Dhamale et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare and aggressive cutaneous malignancy, most commonly arising in the periocular region. Extraocular presentations, particularly in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS), are uncommon but clinically significant. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with a known diagnosis of LS and a strong family history of visceral malignancies, who presented with a rapidly enlarging lesion on the forehead. Histopathological examination confirmed extraocular sebaceous carcinoma with a high Ki-67 proliferative index. The lesion was managed successfully with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) to ensure complete excision and minimize recurrence. This case fulfilled clinical and molecular criteria for Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), a phenotypic variant of LS characterized by sebaceous neoplasms and internal malignancies. It underscores the importance of recognizing cutaneous markers of hereditary cancer syndromes and emphasizes the need for prompt dermatological and genetic evaluation in at-risk individuals. Early intervention facilitates timely treatment and familial cancer surveillance.

Keywords: cutaneous malignancy; extraocular; lynch syndrome; mohs micrographic surgery; muir-torre syndrome; sebaceous carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Informed consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. A solitary, pedunculated, hyperkeratotic mass (black arrow) over the superior aspect of medial end of right eyebrow
Figure 2
Figure 2. Histopathology (H&E, 10X)
Scanner view depicting lobules of tumor cells with peripheral squamous differentiation (black arrow) and central tumor cells showing sebaceous morphology (green arrow)
Figure 3
Figure 3. Histopathology (H&E, 40X)
High-power view illustrating tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic to foamy cytoplasm, characteristic of sebaceous differentiation
Figure 4
Figure 4. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 showing a high labeling index of 60% within malignant cells (black arrow)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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