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. 2025 Dec;97(8):2048-2066.
doi: 10.1002/jad.70038. Epub 2025 Aug 20.

Adolescent Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors

Buket Kara  1 , Nitzan Scharf  2   3 , Kathleen C McCormick  4 , Linda Bhreathnach  5 , Candace Currie  6 , Jennifer Symonds  5
Affiliations

Adolescent Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors

Buket Kara et al. J Adolesc. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted adolescents' lives, leading to increased stress and anxiety rates globally. Although existing research highlights the necessity of understanding the increased rates of anxiety in adolescents during and after the pandemic, it offers little insight into the risk and protective factors for the development of adolescent anxiety at this time. To more deeply understand how the pandemic impacted anxiety in adolescents around the world, the current study adopted a qualitative approach to synthesising the global evidence on adolescents' lived experiences of anxiety during the pandemic.

Methods: Five databases (Academic Search Complete, British Education Index, Education Research Information Centre, APA PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for studies that included qualitative data reported by adolescents on their lived experiences of anxiety during the pandemic. After duplicate records were removed, 348 records were title and abstract screened, a shortlist of 117 publications for full text screening, resulting in 34 papers to be included in the review.

Results: Thematic analysis of data uncovered adolescents' experiences of anxiety during the pandemic in relation to a wide range of risk factors (i.e., academic stressors, family and economic stressors, social isolation, online dangers, uncertainties and health-related concerns) and protective factors (e.g., social support, personal coping, accurate information and clear guidelines, digital tools) in different developmental contexts.

Conclusions: These findings can guide the development of effective practices and policies for young people navigating the complexities of the post-pandemic world.

Keywords: COVID‐19; adolescence; anxiety; protective factors; risk factors; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA diagram for the identification and screening of studies included in the review.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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