WITHDRAWN: Human Applications of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation: A Systematic Review

Ilya Demchenko¹, Ishaan Tailor², Sina Chegini², Haochen Yu², Fatemeh Gholamali Nezhad², Alice Rueda³, Anne Kever⁴, Sridhar Krishnan⁵, Abhishek Datta⁶, Jed A Meltzer⁷, Simon J Graham⁸, Tom A Schweizer⁹, Sumientra Rampersad¹⁰, Edward S Boyden¹¹, Ines R Violante¹², Robert Chen¹³, Andres M Lozano¹⁴, Venkat Bhat¹⁵

Affiliations

¹ Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada.
² Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada.
³ Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada.
⁴ BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Division of Neurology, St. Michael's Hospital -Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
⁵ Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
⁶ Research and Development, Soterix Medical, Inc., 1480 US-9, Woodbridge, NJ 07095, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States.
⁷ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 1W1, Canada.
⁸ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
⁹ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 100 Forsyth Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
¹¹ Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States.
¹² Healthcare Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, 30 Priestley Road, Guildford GU2 7YH, United Kingdom.
¹³ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S6, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada.
¹⁴ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada.
¹⁵ Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.

PMID: 40835066
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.010

Free article

WITHDRAWN: Human Applications of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation: A Systematic Review

Ilya Demchenko et al. Brain Stimul. 2025.

Free article

. 2025 Aug 18:S1935-861X(25)00303-1.

doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.010. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada.
² Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada.
³ Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada.
⁴ BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Division of Neurology, St. Michael's Hospital -Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada.
⁵ Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
⁶ Research and Development, Soterix Medical, Inc., 1480 US-9, Woodbridge, NJ 07095, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States.
⁷ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M6A 1W1, Canada.
⁸ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
⁹ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 William T Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, 100 Forsyth Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
¹¹ Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States.
¹² Healthcare Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, 30 Priestley Road, Guildford GU2 7YH, United Kingdom.
¹³ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S6, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada.
¹⁴ Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada; Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital - University Health Network, 135 Nassau Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada.
¹⁵ Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 193 Yonge Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Neuroscience Research Program, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1X3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.

PMID: 40835066
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.010

Update in

Human applications of transcranial temporal interference stimulation: A systematic review.
Demchenko I, Tailor I, Chegini S, Yu H, Gholamali Nezhad F, Rueda A, Kever A, Krishnan S, Datta A, Meltzer JA, Graham SJ, Schweizer TA, Rampersad S, Boyden ES, Violante IR, Chen R, Lozano AM, Bhat V. Demchenko I, et al. Brain Stimul. 2025 Oct 28;18(6):2054-2066. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.023. Online ahead of print. Brain Stimul. 2025. PMID: 41167554 Review.

Abstract

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WITHDRAWN: Human Applications of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation: A Systematic Review

Affiliations

WITHDRAWN: Human Applications of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation: A Systematic Review

Authors

Affiliations

Update in

Abstract

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