FV receives support from the Gates Foundation, SA Medical Research Council, National Institutes for Health, Unitaid, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Children's Investment Fund Foundation, United States Agency for International Development, Gilead, ViiV Healthcare, Merck, J&J and Merck; recieves honoraria from Gilead, ViiV Healthcare, Mylan and Viatris, Merck, Adcock-Ingram, Aspen, Abbott, Roche, J&J, Sanofi, Virology Education, and US National Institutes of Health Data Safety and Monitoring Board. FVC receives grants from Wellcome, Janssen, and ViiV Healthcare. CO receives grants, payments, or honoraria from MSD, ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, and Bavarian Nordic; and is member of the International AIDS Society Governing Council and the WHO Global Preparedness Monitoring Board for mpox. MP and LG are employees of Medicines Patent Pool, which is funded by Unitaid, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs, the German Agency for International Cooperation, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. All other authors declare no competing interests.