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. 2025 Aug 22;14(3):e003455.
doi: 10.1136/bmjoq-2025-003455.

What should a learning health system look like?

Robbie Foy  1 , Paul Carder  2 , Stella Johnson  3 , Bethan Copsey  4 , Sarah Alderson  5
Affiliations

What should a learning health system look like?

Robbie Foy et al. BMJ Open Qual. .
No abstract available

Keywords: PRIMARY CARE; Quality improvement; Randomised controlled trial.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: This paper includes independent research funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research scheme (Grant Reference Number RP-PG-1209-10040). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Timeline summarising sequencing and evolution of quality improvement activities (in blue) and evaluations (in green).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hardie T, Horton T, Thornton N, et al. Developing learning health systems in the UK: priorities for action. London: The Health Foundation; 2022.
    1. Foley T, Horwitz LI. Learning health systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2025.
    1. Foley T, Vale L. A framework for understanding, designing, developing and evaluating learning health systems. Learn Health Syst . 2023;7:e10315. doi: 10.1002/lrh2.10315. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Reid RJ, Wodchis WP, Kuluski K, et al. Actioning the Learning Health System: An applied framework for integrating research into health systems. SSM - Health Systems . 2024;2:100010. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmhs.2024.100010. - DOI
    1. Glasziou P, Straus S, Brownlee S, et al. Evidence for underuse of effective medical services around the world. Lancet. 2017;390:169–77. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30946-1. - DOI - PubMed

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