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. 2025 Aug 24;15(1):31107.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12608-0.

Analyzing blockchain adoption in management operations through an extended UTAUT model in the Libyan context

Hasan Saed  1 , Yasmine Snene Manzli  2 , Ahmed Jeribi  3 , Hind Alnafisah  4
Affiliations

Analyzing blockchain adoption in management operations through an extended UTAUT model in the Libyan context

Hasan Saed et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study aims to investigate blockchain technology (BC) adoption behavior and potential barriers in the Libyan context. Leveraging the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, we empirically validated the extended UTAUT model in Libyan oil and gas firms. We used a quantitative and exploratory approach, collecting and analyzing data from 342 managers in Libyan oil and gas firms using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Our findings emphasize that facilitating conditions, perceived trust, regulatory support, and subjective norms are key enablers for blockchain adoption in Libyan oil and gas firms. Crucially, blockchain literacy emerged as a significant moderating variable, amplifying the effects of these enablers on behavioral intention. This highlights the pivotal role of blockchain literacy in strengthening the influence of organizational and institutional factors, particularly in low-digital-literacy environments such as Libya. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of blockchain adoption behavior in emerging economies. The extended model, which incorporates blockchain literacy not only as a contextual driver but as a key moderator, offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in industries with similar cultural and institutional environments.

Keywords: Blockchain; Business continuity; Management operations; Oil and gas Libyan firms; UTAUT model.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Extended UTAUT model of blockchain technology adoption.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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