Short histological kaleidoscope - recent findings in histology. Part V. About tendons, ligaments, and cartilages

Abstract

Tendons, ligaments, and various types of cartilage, including elastic, hyaline, growth, articular, and meniscal cartilage, share important structural and functional properties. As connective tissues, they are characterized by a dense extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans, which provide mechanical strength and flexibility. Their limited vascularity affects healing potential and metabolic activity. These tissues are crucial for maintaining joint integrity, distributing mechanical loads, and supporting skeletal development. This overview highlights the common features that define these connective tissues, providing a foundation for further understanding of their roles in musculoskeletal physiology and pathology, their capacity for regeneration, and possible treatment options.

Keywords: cartilage; degeneration; ligament; regeneration; tendon.