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Review
. 2025 Aug 7:7:1583466.
doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1583466. eCollection 2025.

Digital twin for personalized medicine development

Saniya Y Saratkar  1 , Meher Langote  1 , Praveen Kumar  2 , Pradnyawant Gote  3 , Induni Nayodhara Weerarathna  4 , Gaurav V Mishra  5
Affiliations
Review

Digital twin for personalized medicine development

Saniya Y Saratkar et al. Front Digit Health. .

Abstract

Digital Twin (DT) technology is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and highly personalized medical care. As a key innovation of Industry 4.0, DTs integrate advanced tools like artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and machine learning (ML) to create dynamic, data-driven replicas of patients. These digital replicas allow simulations of disease progression, optimize diagnostics, and personalize treatment plans based on individual genetic and lifestyle profiles. This review explores the evolution, architecture, and enabling technologies of DTs, focusing on their transformative applications in personalized medicine (PM). While the integration of DTs offers immense potential to improve outcomes and efficiency in healthcare, challenges such as data privacy, system interoperability, and ethical concerns must be addressed. The paper concludes by highlighting future directions, where AI, cloud computing, and blockchain are expected to play a pivotal role in overcoming these limitations and advancing precision medicine.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; digital twin; healthcare; internet of things (IoT); personalized medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Evolutionary timeline of DT technology.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Information flow among physical assets, DTs, and users. Adapted with permission from “The flow of information between physical asset, digital twin and human users” by Suresh Neethirajan and Bas Kemp licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Technology integration with DT for improved efficiency.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structured six-layer architecture of DT.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dt applications for enhanced efficiency.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Dt in PM.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Architectural framework of the DT system.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Major research domains of DT technology in healthcare.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Presents the technologies and tools utilized in DT systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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