Salvage Structures, Known as Iron Chelating Agents, Acquired from the Nature and Matured in the Labs

Abstract

Iron, as an essential element, plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper functioning of all living organisms. While the appropriate level of iron for the optimal functioning of organisms cannot be disregarded, an excessive amount of this element can be detrimental and give rise to various issues. Nonetheless, the condition of iron accumulation is exceedingly uncommon in the majority of individuals due to the presence of biological autoregulation systems. However, in certain genetic disorders, such as β - thalassemia major, sickle cell anemia, and others, the nature of the diseases or treatment procedures can lead to an overload of iron. Furthermore, numerous studies have substantiated the role of iron in exacerbating conditions in some non-iron-dependent disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, malaria, and microbial infections. For the past few decades, iron-chelating agents have been employed to enhance the quality of life for patients with iron accumulation conditions. This review attempts to express the importance of natural and artificial iron chelating agents, as well as the necessity of their extraction, production, and use in vital situations. It also provides a brief overview of the paths pursued by researchers in these fields to introduce suitable compounds as practical iron scavengers for entry into the pharmaceutical market.

Keywords: HPOs; Iron chelating agents; cardiovascular.; cytotoxicity; hydroxypridinone; iron overload; iron scavenger; malaria; microbial infection; siderophore.