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Review
. 2025 Oct:96:102647.
doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102647. Epub 2025 Aug 25.

B-cell antigen presentation in central nervous system autoimmunity

Carson E Moseley  1 , Joseph J Sabatino Jr  1 , Scott S Zamvil  2
Affiliations
Free article
Review

B-cell antigen presentation in central nervous system autoimmunity

Carson E Moseley et al. Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Oct.
Free article

Abstract

The role of B cells in central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity was initially highlighted by successful clinical trials of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis (MS). Research in MS as well as in aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG+ neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) has expanded our appreciation of the contribution of B cells in multiple CNS autoimmune diseases. B cells have multiple functions in the initiation and propagation of CNS autoimmunity that extend beyond autoantibody production, including bidirectional interactions with T cells via B-cell antigen presentation. A deeper understanding of the cooperation between B cells and T cells in MS, NMO, and MOGAD should permit the development of more effective therapies across CNS autoimmune disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships that may be considered as potential competing interests: Carson E. Moseley reports that financial support was provided by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Carson E. Moseley reports a relationship with UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences that includes funding grants. Carson E. Moseley reports a relationship with the C.D. Spangler Foundation that includes funding grants. Carson E. Moseley reports a relationship with the American Academy of Neurology that includes funding grants. Carson E. Moseley has a patent pending to The Regents of the University of California. I have nothing to declare. Joseph J. Sabatino has received research funding from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with the National Institutes of Health that includes funding grants. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences that includes funding grants. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with the C.D. Spangler Foundation that includes funding grants. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with Roche/Genentech that includes funding grants. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with the Mayer Foundation that includes funding grants. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with IgM Biosciences that includes consulting or advisory. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with TG Therapeutics that includes consulting or advisory. Joseph J. Sabatino reports a relationship with Sift Biosciences that includes consulting or advisory. Joseph J. Sabatino has a patent pending to The Regents of the University of California. I have nothing to declare. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Scott S. Zamvil reports that financial support was provided by the National Institutes of Health. Scott S. Zamvil reports that financial support was provided by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Scott S. Zamvil reports that financial support was provided by the C.D. Spangler Foundation. Scott S. Zamvil reports that financial support was provided by the Sumaira Foundation. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc. that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with Amgen Inc. that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with Biogen-Idec that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with EMD Serono Inc. that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with Genzyme Corporation that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with Novartis that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with Roche that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil reports a relationship with Teva that includes consulting or advisory. Scott S. Zamvil has a patent pending to The Regents of the University of California. Dr. Zamvil is Editor-in-Chief of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation. He serves on the Advisory Committee for the American Congress on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS). He has served on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, The Journal of Immunology, The Journal of Neurological Sciences and Frontiers in Immunology, and has been a charter member of grant review committees for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumors (CNBT) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS). He has served on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for Lilly, BioMS, Teva, and Opexa Therapeutics. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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