Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug 20:20:2905-2911.
doi: 10.2147/COPD.S530064. eCollection 2025.

Cross-Sectional Survey of COPD Risk in Undiagnosed Adults in Saudi Arabia Using the Arabic COPD-PS

Ayedh D Alahmari  1 , Hams M Shrourou  2
Affiliations

Cross-Sectional Survey of COPD Risk in Undiagnosed Adults in Saudi Arabia Using the Arabic COPD-PS

Ayedh D Alahmari et al. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. .

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease and the third leading cause of death, although it remains misdiagnosed and untreated. Individuals at risk of developing COPD, when detected early, have a significant chance to alter the progression of the disease by prompt medical and non-medical care.

Objective: To evaluate the risk level of COPD in Saudi Arabia regions by using an Arabic-translated COPD Population Screener (COPD-PS) questionnaire.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from October 12, 2023, to October 29, 2024. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit participants. This study utilized a self-administered Arabic-translated version of the COPD-PS, which evaluates various subjects related to COPD.

Results: In this study of 2002 participants, a majority of them 74.39% (n = 1494) were from the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Most participants 76.72% (n = 1536) were below 35 years of age, and over half 57.39% (n = 1149) were non-smokers. The result of the COPD-PS scoring indicated 88.76% (n = 1777) of participants at low risk of COPD, while 11.24% (n = 225) participants were at high risk of COPD. Also, this study showed a statistically significant difference regarding the risk level of COPD among regions (p < 0.0001). In addition, the risk level of COPD and smoking status revealed a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.0001). Further analysis demonstrated that the risk level of COPD has an association with the existence of Diabetes/Hypertension (p = 0.0013).

Conclusion: The Arabic-translated version of COPD-PS is an effective tool for screening the risk level of COPD among the Arabic responders in Saudi Arabia. There are various factors, including smoking status, the existence of Diabetes/ Hypertension, and regions associated with higher COPD-PS risk.

Keywords: COPD; COPD-PS; screening.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
COPD risk distribution across regions in Saudi Arabia, based on COPD-PS scores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Clinic. C. What is COPD? Symptoms, treatment & more | Cleveland Clinic: health Library. Cleveland Clinic. 2022.
    1. Singh D, Agusti A, Anzueto A, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease: the GOLD science committee report 2019. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(5):1900164. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00164-2019 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Agarwal AK, Raja A, Brown BD. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). National Library of Medicine; StatPearls Publishing; 2023. - PubMed
    1. Voorham J, Corradi M, Papi A, et al. Comparative effectiveness of triple therapy versus dual bronchodilation in COPD. ERJ Open Res. 2019;5(3):00106–2019. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00106-2019 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Albarrati AM, Gale NS, Munnery MM, et al. Daily physical activity and related risk factors in COPD. BMC Pulm Med. 2020;20(1):1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-1097-y - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources