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. 2025 Aug 18:2025:5578544.
doi: 10.1155/anu/5578544. eCollection 2025.

Influence of Buffer-Protected Sodium Butyrate Supplementation in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei

Maria Érica da Silva Oliveira  1 , Joice Teixeira Souza  1 , Ana Elidarly Cunha  1 , Vanessa Maria Freitas Silva  1 , Mário Augusto Monteiro Silva  1 , Daniela Nomura Varandas  2 , Andreia Vilas Boas  2 , Ana Louise Toledo  2 , Marisela Arturo Schaan  3 , Javier Sánchez  4 , Beatriz Saldaña  4 , Moacir Franco de Oliveira  1 , Matheus Ramalho de Lima  1
Affiliations

Influence of Buffer-Protected Sodium Butyrate Supplementation in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei

Maria Érica da Silva Oliveira et al. Aquac Nutr. .

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the optimal inclusion level of protected sodium butyrate (PSB) in diets for Penaeus vannamei during the postlarvae to grow-out phase. A completely randomized design was used with four dietary treatments: 0, 2, 4, and 8 kg/t of PSB (54% sodium butyrate). The PSB product (Novation SL 2002, Spain) contains 54% sodium butyrate protected by a physical and chemical matrix based on buffer salts. Growth performance, feed efficiency, survival, histological parameters of the intestine and hepatopancreas, and meat quality were evaluated. The results demonstrated that PSB supplementation significantly improved growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and gut histomorphology, as well as enhanced meat production and quality. Based on the growth and feed efficiency responses, the optimal PSB inclusion level is recommended between 4 and 6 kg/t. Therefore, PSB is an effective dietary additive to improve productivity, gut health, and product quality in P. vannamei farming.

Keywords: health; organic acid; physiological changes; sodium butyrate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The coauthors Daniela Nomura Varandas, Andreia Vilas Boas, and Ana Louise Toledo are employees of Vidara do Brasil; the coauthor Marisela Arturo Schaan is an employee of Deltavit CCPA Group; the coauthors Javier Sánchez and Beatriz Saldaña are employees of Novation. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Final body weight of PL65 (FBW, mg), body weight gain (BWG, mg/shrimp) during the 35 days, from PL30 to PL65 (nursery phase), of shrimp fed increasing levels of protected sodium butyrate (PSB).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Body weight gain (BWG [g/shrimp]) and feed conversion ratio (FCR [g/g]) during the 80 days after nursery phase (grow-out phase) of shrimp fed increasing levels of protected sodium butyrate (PSB).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The relative weight of the shrimp without head (shrimp[%]), and without all shells (meat[%]) of shrimp meat fed with levels of protected sodium butyrate (PSB).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Semigranulated cells and the total hemocyte count (THC).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Shrimp intestine histomorphometry fed with levels of protected sodium butyrate (PSB).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Histological images of the intestines of shrimp fed with protected sodium butyrate (PSB). Stained with hematoxylin-eosin.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Histological images of the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed with protected sodium butyrate (PSB). Stained with hematoxylin–eosin, 100 and 20 µm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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