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. 2025 Aug 14;13(16):1991.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare13161991.

The Association Between Physical Activity and Quality of Sleep Among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia

Eman Bajamal  1   2 , Jori Alotaibi  1   2 , Danah Balamash  1   2 , Esraa Alsaeedi  1   2 , Hanan Ali  1   2 , Joud Alzahrani  1   2 , Layan Swat  1   2 , Ajwan Alamri  1   2 , Raneem Jundi  1   2 , Renad Alzahrani  1   2 , Samar Alharbi  1   2
Affiliations

The Association Between Physical Activity and Quality of Sleep Among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia

Eman Bajamal et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Nursing students usually face excessive academic and clinical demands that negatively impact their sleep quality. Physical activity (PA) has been proposed to enhance sleep, yet few investigations have focused on this correlation within the Saudi environment. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between PA and sleep quality in Saudi nursing students.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 554 nursing students from different universities in Saudi Arabia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to collect data. Snowball sampling was used to recruit the participants through social media. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and inferential tests were employed for the analysis.

Results: Most participants were female (85.1%) and aged 18-34 years (95.5%). LPA levels were reported by 59.6% of students, and only 8.2% engaged in VPA. The majority (91%) reported poor sleep duration (<5 h), and 57.4% had poor sleep efficiency. Overall, 86.7% of students experienced poor sleep quality. Gender and GPA were significantly associated with both PA and sleep quality. Female students and those with lower GPAs were more likely to report LPA and poor sleep. Marital status was also associated with higher levels of VPA. No significant associations were found with age, academic year, region, income, or parental education. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between PA and sleep quality (r = 0.192, p < 0.001), suggesting that increased PA is modestly associated with better sleep.

Conclusion: The research shows a high rate of poor sleep and low physical activity in nursing students, indicating an alarming health trend. Although PA was linked significantly to better sleep, the modest strength indicates the necessity for multi-component interventions. Structured PA programs and sleep hygiene education should be incorporated into nursing curricula by universities to foster students' well-being and academic performance.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia; lifestyles; nursing students; physical activity; quality of sleep.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of Physical Activity by Type and Number of Days per Week (n = 554).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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