Association Between 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases Among Adult and Older Adult Users of the Brazilian Community Health Promotion Program

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of global mortality among adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adherence to 24 h movement behavior guidelines and the diagnosis of NCDs. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with users of the Health Academy Program in Brazil. The sample consisted of 1212 individuals (92.9% female), aged 18 years or older. Dependent variables included self-reported hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular disease based on previous medical diagnosis. Independent variables (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) were self-reported. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were performed and adjusted for sex, age, educational level, body mass index, and marital status. Results: Participants who did not meet any of the 24 h movement behavior recommendations had higher odds of hypertension (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.15-1.77), diabetes (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-2.01), and having two (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.09-2.91) or three or more NCDs (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.11-2.13). Not meeting the physical activity recommendation was associated with higher odds of hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06-1.76). In contrast, meeting the physical activity guideline alone (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11-0.85) or in combination with adequate sleep (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11-0.90) was associated with lower odds of cardiovascular disease. All of these results remained significant after adjustments for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Not meeting any of the 24 h movement behavior guidelines, especially those related to physical activity, was associated with a higher occurrence of NCDs.

Keywords: physical activity; screen time; sleep.