Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug 13;14(16):2525.
doi: 10.3390/plants14162525.

Effects of Zinc and Organic Fertilizer Amendments, Applied Individually or in Combination, on Cadmium Uptake by Wheat Grown in Alkaline Soil

Jiang Liu  1 , Lingxuan Kong  1 , Yanan Wan  1 , Qi Wang  1 , Zhong Zhuang  1 , Huafen Li  1
Affiliations

Effects of Zinc and Organic Fertilizer Amendments, Applied Individually or in Combination, on Cadmium Uptake by Wheat Grown in Alkaline Soil

Jiang Liu et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) and organic fertilizer (OF) play a dual role in both promoting plant growth and modulating cadmium (Cd) uptake. However, the individual and combined effects of soil-applied Zn and OF on Cd accumulation in wheat remain insufficiently understood, with reported outcomes varying from inhibition to promotion of Cd uptake. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the effect of Zn, organic fertilizer, and their combined treatment on the uptake dynamics of Cd and Zn in wheat plants across different growth stages. The pot culture experiments demonstrated that applying 20 mg/kg ZnSO4 alone significantly reduced grain Cd content by 22.3% at the mature stage. Increasing the Zn dose to 40 mg/kg further enhanced the reduction, lowering Cd accumulation by 38.9% and decreasing Cd levels from 0.23 to 0.14 mg/kg. The application of 1% OF in alkaline soil enhanced soil Cd availability but did not significantly affect Cd accumulation in various wheat organs. The combination of Zn and organic fertilizer resulted in a relatively modest grain Cd reduction of 8.4-23.0%. Generally, Zn application alone was more effective in reducing Cd accumulation in wheat, while organic fertilizer may require careful use due to its Cd-mobilizing effect in alkaline soil. The combination of Zn and organic fertilizer showed limited benefits for Cd mitigation.

Keywords: alkaline soil; cadmium; organic fertilizer; wheat; zinc.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cd content in different organs of wheat at four growth stages. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in Cd content among different treatments for the same growth stage (p < 0.05).
Figure 1
Figure 1
Cd content in different organs of wheat at four growth stages. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in Cd content among different treatments for the same growth stage (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Zn content in different organs of wheat at four growth stages. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in Zn content among different treatments for the same growth stage (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Zn content in different organs of wheat at four growth stages. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in Zn content among different treatments for the same growth stage (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
DTPA-Cd (A) and DTPA-Zn (B) content of rhizosphere soil at four growth stages. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in Cd/Zn content among different treatments for the same growth stage (p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spearman correlation coefficients among Cd (A) or Zn (B) contents of different wheat organs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
PE-Cd and PE-Zn at different growth stages of wheat.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hou D., Jia X., Wang L., McGrath S.P., Zhu Y.-G., Hu Q., Zhao F.-J., Bank M.S., O’Connor D., Nriagu J. Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health. Science. 2025;388:316–321. doi: 10.1126/science.adr5214. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wang C.-C., Zhang Q.-C., Yan C.-A., Tang G.-Y., Zhang M.-Y., Ma L.Q., Gu R.-H., Xiang P. Heavy metal(loid)s in agriculture soils, rice, and wheat across China: Status assessment and spatiotemporal analysis. Sci. Total Environ. 2023;882:163361. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163361. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Peng H., Chen Y.L., Weng L.P., Ma J., Ma Y.L., Li Y.T., Islam M.S. Comparisons of heavy metal input inventory in agricultural soils in North and South China: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 2019;660:776–786. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.066. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ren S.Y., Song C.Q., Ye S.J., Cheng C.X., Gao P.C. The spatiotemporal variation in heavy metals in China’s farmland soil over the past 20 years: A meta-analysis. Sci. Total Environ. 2022;806:150322. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150322. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hamid Y., Tang L., Hussain B., Usman M., Lin Q., Rashid M.S., He Z.L., Yang X.E. Organic soil additives for the remediation of cadmium contaminated soils and their impact on the soil-plant system: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 2020;707:136121. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136121. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources