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. 2025 Mar:24:10.1177/16094069251326415.
doi: 10.1177/16094069251326415. Epub 2025 Mar 28.

Applying Realist Retroduction to EHR-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool Development

Suzanne Morrissey  1   2 , Arwen Bunce  1 , Jenna Donovan  1 , Brenda McGrath  1 , Laura Gottlieb  3 , Maura Pisciotta  1 , Shelby Watkins  1 , Rachel Gold  4
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Applying Realist Retroduction to EHR-Based Clinical Decision Support Tool Development

Suzanne Morrissey et al. Int J Qual Methods. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

The application of realist-informed approaches to implementation research can produce answers to why, for whom and under what circumstances social determinants of health interventions work. In the context of a study to develop and test EHR-based clinical decision support tools that suggest adjusting care plans in response to patient-reported financial, housing, food, transportation, and utilities insecurity, the authors applied an innovative use of realist principles in a bounded, mid-study task. This paper demonstrates how realist retroduction can be applied in intervention development processes. Retroduction proved useful in identifying the often intangible clinical needs and preferences that affected decision support tool desirability and use, which then guided the revision of five tools prior to a formal trial. This paper illustrates how data from the study development phases were put in service of retroductive steps that, through the identification of tentative program theories, guided revision of the pilot electronic tools to better meet clinic needs in the study trial phase. Applying retroductive thinking to establish what may be more or less effective under real-world conditions before participants are recruited is a productive, pragmatic form of researcher/stakeholder co-design that seeks to achieve results without wasting clinical teams' time.

Keywords: clinical decision support; electronic health record; realist evaluation; retroduction; social determinants of health.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Retroductive Process Leading to Tool Revision Guidance.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Qualitative Data Collection Timeline.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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