[Management of bite injuries]

Abstract

Bite injuries are a frequent and clinically relevant trauma entity, most commonly caused by dogs, cats, and, less frequently, by humans. Due to their polymicrobial contamination and diverse injury patterns - ranging from puncture wounds to complex tissue lacerations - bite wounds require careful evaluation and early surgical management. A structured risk stratification is essential for guiding treatment decisions. This article presents a practical approach for classifying bite wounds into high- or low-risk categories based on anatomical location, injury mechanism, and contamination depth. Particular attention is given to the principles of initial surgical care, including timely debridement, irrigation, and wound closure strategies. The aim is to support clinicians in selecting the appropriate intervention to prevent infection, preserve function, and optimize healing outcomes. Especially in facial injuries, psychological processing plays a significant role. Early psychological support and referral to appropriate counseling services should be offered.