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. 2025 Aug 29;15(1):31844.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17371-w.

MicroRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers among chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Fekadu Urgessa  1   2 , Isaac Jenkins  3 , Aster Tsegaye  4 , Helen Nigussie  5 , Teklu Kuru  5   6 , Amha Gebremedhin  7 , Fozia Abdela  7 , Fisihatsion Tadesse  7 , Jerald Radich  3
Affiliations

MicroRNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers among chronic myeloid leukemia patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Fekadu Urgessa et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Approximately 1.5 million people worldwide suffer from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). MicroRNAs (miRs) are important regulators of gene expression and offer an attractive option as biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis, and prognosis assessment in solid and liquid tumors. To assess miRs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers among CML patients at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from April 2021 to May 2023. Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed CML patients before initiation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib treatment, and while on therapy. The expression level of miRs were determined using the NanoString platform. LIMMA analysis was used to identify differentially expressed miR between TKI response groups and disease phases. Fifty-two study participants were enrolled in the study. From each sample, 798 hsa-miRs included on the Nanostring assay were measured. Comparing TKI naive new CML patients (n = 14) with those progressed or had blast crisis (BC) on TKI therapy (n = 12), 97 miRs were differentially expressed (|log2FC|, FDR, and P-value at > 1, < 0.001, and < 0.0001, respectively). Most miRs showed upregulation in BC CML patients compared to new CML cases except miR-223-3p, miR-4454, miR-7975, and miR-630 which were downregulated in patients with BC. In addition, eight miRs were differentially expressed comparing poor molecular responder (n = 12) with good molecular responder (n = 28) patients (P < 0.05). MiR-223-3p, miR-4454, miR-7975, and miR-630 were commonly deregulated in BC and poor molecular response groups. MiRs have significant potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for CML patients. MiR-223-3p, miR-4454, miR-7975 and miR-630 could be considered as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for disease progression and treatment response if validated by other large studies.

Keywords: Biomarker; Chronic myeloid leukemia; Micro-RNA.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the College Institutional Review Board (IRB), College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University (protocol number 026/21/lab) before starting the study. In addition, the study was reviewed by the hematology unit, and internal medicine departmental ethical committee before starting the data collection. Further, before sending the sample to the collaborator Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, we have granted national ethical clearance from the National Research Ethics Review Committee (NRERC) (Ref no 03/246/951/22). All the procedures have been conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was taken from all the leukemic patients before starting blood sample collection. For those who cannot read and write cases, we tried to make everything clear to them by reading the information sheet and consent form to understand the aim of the study and to participate voluntarily. Finally, all privacy of the study population is kept secret.

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