Geographic distribution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related genes: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare motor neuron disease. There is no effective treatment, but disease-modifying therapies do exist. Objective. To identify the geographical distribution of ALS-related genes.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines in PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: patients with ALS, no age or gender restriction, English and Spanish languages, studies published until 31 July 2025.

Results: Thirty-eight results were obtained, 32 were selected, 19 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 8 articles were included from databases. Three articles recommended by clinical experts were added, so 11 results were reviewed. This research showed that published articles on the geographic distribution of ALS-related genes are limited, particularly for underrepresented regions such as Africa.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the need for intensified international research to improve knowledge of the genetic epidemiology of ALS.

Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; clinical trials; genes; geographical distribution; screening.