Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug 30;23(1):330.
doi: 10.1186/s12957-025-03982-0.

Impact of type 2 and steroid-Induced diabetes mellitus on prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma

Ji-Heng Wang #  1 , Pu Xiang #  2 , Er-Jiang Zhao #  3 , Li-Na Liu  4 , Yu-Zhang Liu  4 , Li-Jie Liang  4 , Yu-Shan Cui  4 , Bai-Jun Fang  5
Affiliations

Impact of type 2 and steroid-Induced diabetes mellitus on prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma

Ji-Heng Wang et al. World J Surg Oncol. .

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM) with prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients initially diagnosed with MM at Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital between January 2005 and December 2016. Patients were categorized into three groups: MM without diabetes mellitus, MM with T2DM, and MM with SIDM.

Results: A cohort of 1,463 patients were included in this study, comprising 818 patients with MM without diabetes mellitus, 217 with MM and T2DM, and 428 with MM and SIDM. Independent predictors of overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort included age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.011, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.007-1.016, p < 0.001), International Staging System (ISS) stage III (HR = 1.463, 95% CI: 1.273-1.681, p < 0.001), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (HR = 0.334, 95% CI: 0.286-0.390, p < 0.001), chromosomal abnormalities (HR = 11.999, 95% CI: 9.688-14.860, p < 0.001), T2DM (HR = 1.606, 95% CI: 1.409-1.829, p < 0.001), and SIDM (HR = 1.224, 95% CI: 1.038-1.444, p = 0.016). Among patients with MM and SIDM, age (HR = 1.047, 95% CI: 1.037-1.057, p < 0.001), ISS stage III (HR = 1.796, 95% CI: 1.389-2.322, p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (HR = 1.004, 95% CI: 1.002-1.006, p < 0.001), HSCT (HR = 0.284, 95% CI: 0.213-0.382, p < 0.001), and chromosomal abnormalities (HR = 14.59, 95% CI: 9.822-21.674, p < 0.001) were independently associated with OS. In patients with MM and T2DM, ISS stage II (HR = 2.008, 95% CI: 1.418-2.844, p < 0.001), ISS stage III (HR = 3.126, 95% CI: 2.110-4.631, p < 0.001), HSCT (HR = 0.264, 95% CI: 0.173-0.403, p < 0.001), and chromosomal abnormalities (HR = 32.677, 95% CI: 17.632-60.560, p < 0.001) were independently associated with OS.

Conclusion: Both T2DM and SIDM were independently associated with poorer prognosis in patients with MM.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Glucocorticoids; Multiple myeloma; Prognosis; Type 2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is a retrospective clinical analysis, which does not involve scientific research on animals, humans, human derived samples, and human embryonic stem cells. Ethical proof is not required. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overall survival (OS) curves of the total patients.A Combinations of different types of diabetes mellitus. This panel shows the overall survival curves for patients grouped by the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM). B ISS staging This panel presents the overall survival curves stratified by the International Staging System (ISS) stages, which categorize the severity of multiple myeloma based on specific clinical and laboratory parameters. C Hematopoietic stem cells This panel illustrates the overall survival curves for patients who did or did not undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a treatment modality that can significantly impact prognosis in multiple myeloma. D Chromosomal abnormalities This panel shows the overall survival curves for patients with or without specific chromosomal abnormalities, which are known to affect the prognosis of multiple myeloma
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). Multiple myeloma. Version 3.2023. Fort Washington: National Comprehensice Cancer Network; 2022.
    1. Rajkumar SV, Kumar S. Multiple myeloma: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(1):101–19. 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.11.007. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dimopoulos MA, Moreau P, Terpos E, Mateos MV, Zweegman S, Cook G, et al. Multiple myeloma: EHA-ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up(dagger). Ann Oncol. 2021;32(3):309–22. PubMed PMID: 33549387. - PubMed
    1. Bianchi G, Anderson KC. Understanding biology to tackle the disease: multiple myeloma from bench to bedside, and back. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014;64(6):422–44. - PubMed
    1. Lynch HT, Ferrara K, Barlogie B, Coleman EA, Lynch JF, Weisenburger D, et al. Familial myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(2):152–7. 10.1056/NEJMoa0708704. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources