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. 2025 Sep;66(5):462-468.
doi: 10.4111/icu.20250161.

Influence of bladder outlet obstruction on age-related changes in male bladder contractility

Jin Bong Choi  1 , Kang Jun Cho  1 , Joon Chul Kim  1 , Young Kyu Han  1 , Ju Hun Ahn  1 , Seong Joo Yang  1 , Jun Sung Koh  2
Affiliations

Influence of bladder outlet obstruction on age-related changes in male bladder contractility

Jin Bong Choi et al. Investig Clin Urol. 2025 Sep.

Abstract

Purpose: Changes in bladder contractility due to aging are among the important causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in elderly males. The purpose of this study was to observe changes in bladder contractility due to aging in male patients taking medications commonly used to treat LUTS in clinical practice.

Materials and methods: Male patients aged over 40 years who underwent urodynamic studies for LUTS from January 2012 to December 2024 were included. The bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) index was used to distinguish between males with BOO and those without BOO. Changes in bladder contractility according to age in each group were analyzed using the bladder contractility index. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to calculate the strength of the linear relationship between age and the variables.

Results: A total of 449 male patients who underwent urodynamic studies for LUTS were eligible for this study (311 in the BOO group and 138 in the BOO group). Age and the maximum flow rate were inversely related in both groups. Age and bladder contractility were significantly correlated in the non-BOO group (p=0.021) but not in the BOO group (p=0.057).

Conclusions: This study revealed that BOO might act as a confounding variable in measuring the contractility of an aged bladder. Excluding the effect of BOO, bladder contractility significantly decreases with age. Therefore, when male LUTS are treated, changes in bladder contractility due to aging vary depending on BOO.

Keywords: Aging; Bladder; Bladder outlet obstruction; Lower urinary tract symptoms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Scatter plots and linear regression lines showing the relationship between age and functional bladder capacity (FBC). (A) Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group (r=−0.091, p=0.276). (B) Non-BOO group (r=−0.223, p=0.098).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Scatter plots and linear regression lines showing the relationship between age and post-void residual volume (PVR). (A) Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group (r=0.030, p=0.598). (B) Non-BOO group (r=0.204, p=0.017).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Scatter plots and linear regression lines showing the relationship between age and bladder contractility index (BCI). (A) Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group (r=−0.108, p=0.057). (B) Non-BOO group (r=−0.196, p=0.021).
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