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. 2025 Dec;20(1):2554483.
doi: 10.1080/17482631.2025.2554483. Epub 2025 Sep 2.

World assumptions and their role when facing trauma in urban Sierra Leone: a complementary mixed methods study

Andreas Steidl  1 , Aruna Kamara  2 , Abdul Aziz  3 , Anthony Sheku Massaquoi  4 , Silvia Exenberger  1   5
Affiliations

World assumptions and their role when facing trauma in urban Sierra Leone: a complementary mixed methods study

Andreas Steidl et al. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Concerns have been raised about the cross-cultural applicability of Western-centric models of world assumptions, questioning their universality, patterns and role when facing trauma. Within a trauma-focused research project in Sierra Leone, this sub-study examines these issues in the local context.

Methods: We conducted a qualitatively driven mixed methods study (embedded design) from an emic-etic perspective. Qualitative interviews explored the assumptive worlds of 16 students, while questionnaires examining how assumptions were affected by trauma were completed by 280 students. All participants had experienced traumatic events (DSM-5). In addition, four expert interviews were conducted to address both aspects.

Findings: The concept of world assumptions (benevolence, meaningfulness, self) was found to be relevant in the Sierra Leonean sample; however, the patterns differed from those typically documented in Western societies. Additional assumptions concerning the self, the world, others, and meaningfulness were identified. Quantitative results indicated that participants' assumptive worlds were challenged by trauma, shaping their personal life stories and identities.

Conclusions: To strengthen culturally sensitive investigations, we propose renaming certain domains and dimensions to more neutral and inclusive ones, and considering additional facets. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of world assumptions and their role in diverse cultural contexts.

Keywords: Sierra Leone; embedded design; mixed methods; trauma; world assumptions.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart of the study’s expanded concurrent embedded mixed methods design.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Proposed cross-cultural approach for the assumptions about the self-domain.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Assumptions about the character of the world and people on different levels.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Possible relation of “Religiosity” in the meaningfulness domain.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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